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SCIENCE OLYMPIAD TRYOUTS EXAM
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SCIENCE OLYMPIAD TRYOUTS EXAM2024-2025
Carbohydrates - Answer Broken down into glucose; the body's principal source of
energy.
Lipids are non-polar substances such as fats, steroids, and waxes that serve as the
building blocks of cell membranes.
nucleic acids - ANSWER formed of nucleotides; EX: DNA, RNA; keep track of
hereditary information for the cell
Proteins - ANSWER formed of amino acids (ex enzymes, hemoglobin, antibodies,
hormones); building blocks for muscle, skin, and hair + do work for cells
(construction, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs).
Polymers are molecules composed of repeated units of (almost) identical
substances called monomers, which are bonded together by a series of covalent
connections.
ANSWER: Helicase unwinds the double helix.
DNA Polymerase - ANSWER removes the RNA primer and links individual
nucleotides to form a DNA molecule.
Ligase - ANSWER holds Okazaki (DNA) pieces together.
Primase - Answer Makes an RNA primer (a small amount of complementary DNA)
so DNA polymerase knows where to attach on the DNA strand.
, ANSWER: Primary succession An ecological succession that begins in a region
without soil and ends in a climax community.
Secondary succession - ANSWER begins with calamity, but the soil remains intact.
Lichen - Pioneer species
Empirical formula - A formula containing the smallest whole-number ratio of
elements in a compound.
Acids produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; pH less than 7
bases - ANSWER decrease the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.; pH
over 7
Checkpoints aim to monitor the cell cycle and interrupt it if something goes wrong.
End of G1: examines if cell is big enough and makes proper proteins for S. End of
S: confirms that cell synthesis was accurate. End of G2: Checks cell can undergo
mitosis. During M inspections, all spindles are attached.
P53 - ANSWER stops cells at a checkpoint; if mutant, causes cancer.
Equilibrium - Answer When the forward and reverse progress of a reaction are
exactly balanced.
When heat is injected, the reaction shifts to the left (reactants ← products). Heat is
necessary to break chemical bonds.
Cooling the mixture removes heat and causes the reaction to proceed to the right
(reactants → products).
When pressure is applied, the reaction will shift to the left (reactants ← products).
Pressure is required to break chemical bonds.
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