USU HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY FINAL (BIOL 2420) COMPLETE EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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USU HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
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USU HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
USU HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY FINAL (BIOL 2420)
COMPLETE EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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USU HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY FINAL (BIOL 2420)
COMPLETE EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the four criteria used to define a cell? - ANS 1) has a
phospholipid bilayer cell membrane
2) gathers raw materials from the environment and uses it 3) contains a
heritable genetic code that encodes proteins 4) can reproduce itself
What is the plasma membrane? Are phospholipids distributed evenly in the
plasma membrane?
ANS 1) border of a cell that is a phospholipid bilayer 2) no
what is the nucleus of a cell and what does it do? - ANS -enclosed by 2
phospholipid bilayers
-usually the largest organelle
-genetic control center
what is the endoplasmic reticulum? - ANS -enclosed by single
phospholipid bilayer Rough = ribosomes, protein assembly line
smooth - no ribosomes, detoxification and makes some lipids
what is the golgi apparatus? - ANS -single phospholipid bilayer
-system of cisterns
-synthesize carbohydrates and puts finishing touches on protein synthesis
what is the mitochondria? - ANS -enclosed by 2 phospholipid bilayers
-synthesize ATP
-stores Ca2+
what are lysosomes? - ANS -single phospholipid bilayer
-digest endocytosed materials (proteins, sugars, lipids, nucleic acids)
-autophagy
-"garbage disposal"
,what are peroxisomes? - ANS -single phospholipid bilayer
-like lysosomes but with different enzymes
-oxidize organic materials
-create and destroy H2O2
-neutralize toxins
,Where are the majority of a cell's lipid bilayers found? - ANS in the cell
Can phospholipids move? What are the 3 types of motion? - ANS yes 1)
flexion
lateral diffusion
rotation
(secret number 4: flip-flop)
What are lipid rafts and what purpose do they serve? - ANS -
microdomains within the phospholipid bilayer
-hot spots for signal transduction
What happens during passive transport? - ANS solute moves along its
electrochemical gradient and no energy is required
What is an electrochemical gradient? - ANS the net sum of the electrical
gradient and the chemical (or concentration) gradient
Electrochemical gradients only apply to which molecules? - ANS charged
solutes
What is active transport? - ANS -the solute moves against its
electrochemical gradient
-mediated by transporters
-requires energy input
How do primary active transport and secondary active transport differ
from each other? - ANS primary: uses a transporter protein (pump) that
consumed energy
secondary: use a concentration or electrochemical gradient established by
a pump
What type of transport protein is GLUT? - ANS -passive transporter
-uniporter
what type of transport protein is a Na+/K+ pump? - ANS -ATPase
-primary active transport
, what type of transport protein is a Na+/glucose symporter? - ANS -
secondary active transport
-coupled transport
What is a cell's resting membrane potential? What do Na+/K+ pumps do?
What about K+ leak channels? - ANS 1) cells' difference in electrical
potential across the plasma membrane
maintain the concentration of Na+ and K+ within and outside the cell 3)
leave intracellular ions fixed to the inside of the membrane
-help establish positive charge outside and negative charge inside
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