MATERNAL CHILD NURSING CARE 3RD EDITION SCANNELL WITH
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | All Chapter 1-33 Current
Edition Test Bank
The factors that affect the process of labor and birth, known commonly as thefive Ps,
include all except:
a. Passenger. c. Powers.
b. Passageway. d. Pressure. - ANS: D
The five Ps are passenger (fetus and placenta), passageway (birth canal), powers
(contractions), position of the
mother, and psychologic response.
The slight overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head during labor is called:
a. Lightening. c. Ferguson reflex.
b. Molding. d. Valsalva maneuver - ANS: B
Fetal head formation is called molding. Molding also permits adaptation to various
diameters of the maternal
pelvis. Lightening is the mothers sensation of decreased abdominal distention, which
usually occurs the week
before labor. The Ferguson reflex is the contraction urge of the uterus after stimulation of
the cervix. The Valsalva maneuver describes conscious pushing during the second
stage of labor.
Which presentation is described accurately in terms of both presenting part and
frequency of occurrence?
a. Cephalic: occiput; at least 95% c. Shoulder: scapula; 10% to 15%
b. Breech: sacrum; 10% to 15% d. Cephalic: cranial; 80% to 85% - ANS: A
In cephalic presentations (head first), the presenting part is the occiput; this occurs in
96% of births. In a breech
birth, the sacrum emerges first; this occurs in about 3% of births. In shoulder
presentations, the scapula
emerges first; this occurs in only 1% of births.
With regard to factors that affect how the fetus moves through the birth canal, nurses
should be aware that:
a. The fetal attitude describes the angle at which the fetus exits the uterus.
b. Of the two primary fetal lies, the horizontal lie is that in which the long axis of the fetus
is parallel
to the long axis of the mother.
c. The normal attitude of the fetus is called general flexion.
d. The transverse lie is preferred for vaginal birth. - ANS: C
, The normal attitude of the fetus is general flexion. The fetal attitude is the relation of fetal
body parts to one
another. The horizontal lie is perpendicular to the mother; in the longitudinal (or vertical)
lie the long axes of
the fetus and the mother are parallel. Vaginal birth cannot occur if the fetus stays in a
transverse lie.
As relates to fetal positioning during labor, nurses should be aware that:
a. Position is a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus
through the birth
canal.
b. Birth is imminent when the presenting part is at +4 to +5 cm below the spine.
c. The largest transverse diameter of the presenting part is the suboccipitobregmatic
diameter.
d. Engagement is the term used to describe the beginning of labor. - ANS: B
The station of the presenting part should be noted at the beginning of labor so that the
rate of descent can be
determined. Position is the relation of the presenting part of the fetus to the four
quadrants of the mothers
pelvis;station is the measure of degree of descent. The largest diameter usually is the
biparietal diameter. The
suboccipitobregmatic diameter is the smallest, although one of the most critical.
Engagement often occurs in
the weeks just before labor in nulliparas and before or during labor in multiparas
Which basic type of pelvis includes the correct description and percentage of occurrence
in women?
a. Gynecoid: classic female; heart shaped; 75%
b. Android: resembling the male; wider oval; 15%
c. Anthropoid: resembling the ape; narrower; 10%
d. Platypelloid: flattened, wide, shallow; 3% - ANS: D
A platypelloid pelvis is flattened, wide, and shallow; about 3% of women have this
shape. The gynecoid shape
is the classical female shape, slightly ovoid and rounded; about 50% of women have this
shape. An android, or
malelike, pelvis is heart shaped; about 23% of women have this shape. An anthropoid,
or apelike, pelvis is oval
and wider; about 24% of women have this shape
In relation to primary and secondary powers, the maternity nurse comprehends that:
a. Primary powers are responsible for effacement and dilation of the cervix.
b. Effacement generally is well ahead of dilation in women giving birth for the first time;
they are
closer together in subsequent pregnancies.
c. Scarring of the cervix caused by a previous infection or surgery may make the delivery
a bit more
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