NURS 251 Cardiovascular Assessment Study Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
Nurs 251
Institution
Nurs 251
Precordium area on anterior chest overlying heart and great vessels
Heart has four chambers: Atria and ventricles
Great vessels major arteries and veins connected to the heart
Blood vessels arranged in two continuous loops: Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
Heart wall layers Perica...
NURS 251 Cardiovascular Assessment
Study Questions and Correct Answers
Precordium ✅area on anterior chest overlying heart and great vessels
Heart has four chambers: ✅Atria and ventricles
Great vessels ✅major arteries and veins connected to the heart
Blood vessels arranged in two continuous loops: ✅Pulmonary circulation and systemic
circulation
Heart wall layers ✅Pericardium: tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and
protects heart
Myocardium: muscular wall of heart
Endocardium: thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines inner surface of heart chambers
and valves
How many mums systems does the heart have ✅2
Atrium ✅thin-walled reservoir for holding blood
Ventricle ✅thick-walled, muscular pumping chambe
4 chambers separated by ✅valves- backflow of bloodValves are unidirectional. Valves
open and close passively in response to pressure gradients in moving blood.
Four valves in heart: ✅Two atrioventricular (AV) valves
Two semilunar (SL) valves
Two AV valves separate atria and ventricles: ✅Tricuspid valve: right
Bicuspid, or mitral valve: left
AV valves open during heart's ✅filling phase, or diastole, to allow ventricles to fill with
blood.
During pumping phase, or systole, ✅AV valves close to prevent regurgitation of blood
back up into atria.
SL Valves ✅are set between ventricles and arteries.
, Each sL valve has ✅three cusps that look like half moon
Pulmonic valve ✅right side of hear
Aortic valve ✅left side of heart
Open during pumping, or systole, to allow blood to be ejected from heart
No valves are present between vena cava and right atrium, or between pulmonary veins
and left atrium: ✅•Abnormally high pressure in left side of heart gives a person
symptoms of LUNG pulmonary congestion.
•Abnormally high pressure in right side of heart shows in neck veins and abdomen.
Unoxygenated red blood drains into ✅vena cava, follows route of venous blood
From liver to right atrium (RA) through inferior vena cava◦
From RV, venous blood flows through pulmonic valve to pulmonary artery.
oxygenated blood ✅From left atrium (LA), arterial blood travels through mitral valve to
left ventricle (LV).◦From LA, arterial blood travels through _______to LV.◦Aorta delivers
oxygenated blood to body.
Cardiac Cycle ✅Diastole: ventricles relax and fill with blood; 2/3 of cardiac cycle◦
Protodiastolic filling: early passive phase◦
Presystole or atrial systole: atrial kick
Systole: heart's contraction, blood pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary and systemic
arteries; 1/3 of cardiac cycle
Same events occur on both sides of heart.◦
Right side requires lower pressure and sequence occurs slightly later.
First heart sound (S1) ✅◦Occurs with closure of AV valves—signals beginning of
systole
◦Mitral component of first sound (M1) slightly precedes tricuspid component (T1).
Second heart sound (S2) ✅◦Occurs with closure of semilunar valves—signals end of
systole
◦Aortic component of second sound (A2) slightly precedes pulmonic component (P2).
◦S2 loudest at base
Third heart sound (S3)- CHF ✅◦Occurs when ventricles resistant to filling during early
rapid filling phase (protodiastole)
◦Occurs immediately after S2, when AV valves open and atrial blood first pours into
ventricles.
◦NEW S3 is concerning and warrants further investigation*
Fourth heart sound (S4) ✅◦Occurs at end of diastole, at presystole, when ventricle
resistant to filling
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