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BIO 112 final exam invertebrates and vertebrates
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BIO 112 final exam invertebrates and vertebrates
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BIO 112 final exam invertebrates andvertebrates
Annelid Diversity - ANS-bristle worms, tube worms, earthworms, leeches
Annelida - ANS-Lophotrochozoan, segmented worms
segmentation= external and internal features are repeated
Reduced in leeches
Soft body: segmented true coelom acts as hydrostatic skeleton
Well-developed organ systems
Closed circulatory system
Alimentary canal w/ specialized areas
Intake: mouth and pharynx, then esophagus
Storage: crop
Mechanical digestion and absorption: intestine
Waste expelled: anus
Metanephridia expel metabolic waste and osmoregulate
1. Coelomic fluid collected 2. Useful solutes reabsorbed into blood 3. dilute urine
expelled
Separate sexes or hermaphroditic
Marine species: trochophore larvae
Earthworms: direct development
Arthopoda diversity - ANS-chelicerates, myriapods, crustaceans, hexapods
Basal eumetazoans - ANS-Cnidaria and Ctenophora
bristle worms - ANS-active marine predators w/ jaws
Fleshy parapodia and chitinous bristles
Chelicerates clade - ANS-Ecdysozoans: arthropoda: chelicerates,
Feed using chelicerae
Claw-like appendages
Poisonous fangs in spiders
Body plan: cephalothorax + abdomen
No antennae
First ones were marine and freshwater eurypterids
Today, the only aquatic chelicerates are marine horseshoe crabs and sea spiders
Marine sea spiders are piercing-sucking carnivores (not spiders)
Most are arachnids
Land predators are arachnids
1 pair pedipalps + 4 pair walking legs
Arachnids include
, Predatory scorpions and spiders
Parasitic ticks and mites
Chordates - ANS-an animal phylum that has a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord,
and gill slits at some time in its life cycle
Present in embryos; not always in adults
Class Bivalvia - ANS-Lophotrochozoans: mollusca
Class bivalvia: bivalves 2 part shell joined by hinge
No distinct head
Freshwater or marine: suspension-feeders
Filter-feed with ciliated gills; no radula
Burrowing or sessile
Class Cephalopoda - ANS-Lophotrochozoans: mollusca
Mostly active marine predators
Foot modified into grasing arms and tentacles (w/suckers)
Beak-like jaws, often w/ poison
Well developed eyes and brain
Water-jet propulsion: excurrent siphon + mantle cavity
Protective ink and skin color changes
nautilus - only living cephalopod w/ external shell
Squid to cuttlefish- reduced internal shell
Octopus- no shell; biggest brain
Class gastropods - ANS-Lophotrochozoans: mollusca
Largest class: land, freshwater, marine
Single shell or no shell
Viscera twists so that mantle cavity lies over head-end (allows retraction into shell)
Feed with radula
Some graze on plants, algae, bacteria
Some are predators
Some are freshwater snails
Schistosomiasis hosts- three species that help spread infection
Many are marine snails
Some are marine shell-less sea slugs and nudibranchs
cnidaria reproduction - ANS-- sexual or by budding
-gonads reproduce eggs and sperms
- many cycle thru polyp form and medusa form... ex obelia
Crustaceans clade - ANS-Mostly marine and freshwater; some land
Predators, herbivores, scavengers, filter-feeders, and a few parasites
2 pair antenna; feed with chewing mandibles
Many legs
Lobster, shrimp, crayfish, krill, crabs, also pillbugs, sowbugs, rollipolle
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