NUR 425 Exam 3 Questions And Answers.
Verified and Updated.
Normal ICP - answer✔✔5-15 mmHg
Increased ICP - answer✔✔Pressure of 20 mmHg or greater for 5 minutes or longer
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - answer✔✔CPP=MAP-ICP
should be between 60-100
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - answer✔✔70-90 mmHg
INR (International Normalized Ratio) - answer✔✔Used to standardize the PT values
2-3
Normal Serum Sodium Levels - answer✔✔135-145 mEq/L
D dimer (lab test) - answer✔✔A laboratory test that measures the amount of cross-linked fibrin
fragments. These fragments are the result of clot degradation and are rarely found in healthy
individuals.
Result of the breakdown of fibrin clots by plasmin, measures the amount of fibrin that is broken
down as clot is dissolved.
Elevated results suggest venous thromboembolism.
Lack of fibrin = impaired clot formation
Fibrinogen (lab test) - answer✔✔Factor 1
Measures the amount of fibrinogen
Converted to fibrin with the help of thrombin
Normal fibrinogen levels usually means normal clotting ability
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 24, 2024 1:33:58 PM
,Causes of increased: infection, stroke, trauma, smoking
Causes of decreased: DIC; rapid, large-volume blood transfusions
PT (Prothrombin Time) - answer✔✔Measures extrinsic pathway
Monitors WARFARIN
If prolonged, more time is needed to clot
INR is used to standardize the PT values
Causes of prolonged PT: warfarin use, K deficiency
Causes for decreased PT: too much K
PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time)/aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) -
answer✔✔Measures intrinsic system
Monitors HEPARIN
If prolonged, more time is needed to clot
Causes of prolonged PTT: inherited bleeding disorders, heparin administration, K deficiency
Causes of shortened PTT: DIC, cancer, inflammation that elevates factor VIII levels
FFP (Fresh Frozen Plasma) - answer✔✔Indications:
Bleeding caused by deficiency in clotting factors
Ex:
DIC, hemorrhage, massive transfusion, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, excess warfarin
Cryoprecipitate - answer✔✔Indications:
Replacement of clotting factors, Factor 8 deficiency, hemophilia
Packed RBCs - answer✔✔Indications:
Severe or symptomatic anemia, acute blood loss
Platelets - answer✔✔Indications:
Bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 24, 2024 1:33:58 PM
, Albumin - answer✔✔Indications:
Hypovolemic shock, hypoalbuminemia
Dexamethasone - answer✔✔Class: corticosteroid
Indications: Increased Intracranial Pressure
Side Effects: burning, stinging, poor vision, corneal ulcerations, increased IOP, optic nerve
damage
Considerations: notify prescriber immediately if vision changes or if condition worsens, evaluate
decreased corneal inflammation
Phenytoin - answer✔✔Class: anticonvulsant
Indications: Generalized tonic-clonic seizures; status epilepticus; nonepileptic seizures associated
with Reye's syndrome or after head trauma; complex partial seizures
Side Effects: suicidal tendencies, v. fib., bradycardia, dizziness, nephritis
Considerations: Phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome 3-12 wk after start of treatment, Mental
status: mood, sensorium, affect, memory (long, short), suicidal thoughts/behaviors, seizure
duration and type
Mannitol - answer✔✔Class: diuretic
Indications: edema, high intraocular and intracranial pressure
Side Effects: dizziness, seizures, rebound increased ICP, tachycardia, CHF
Considerations: metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia; report hearing loss, blurred vision, confusion
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 24, 2024 1:33:58 PM
