RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
TEST BANK LATEST EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+
Define Pathophysiology - ANSWER -The study of the changes
of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions,
either caused by disease or resulting from an abnormal
syndrome.
What does the study of pathophysiology include? - ANSWER -
Contains etiology, which is the reason for the phenomena,
pathogenesis, which is the development of a disease, clinical
manifestations, which is the manifestation of the disease in
signs, symptoms, and treatment.
what are the stages of hemostasis? what medications can affect
hemostasis? - ANSWER -Vasospasm, formation of a platelet
plug and activation of the clotting cascade to form a fibrin clot.
Asprin, NSAIDs, some antibiotic, anticoagulants, alcohol and
chemotherapeutic and thrombolytic agents.
,Hemophilia - ANSWER -a group of hereditary bleeding
disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. Treatment
includes lifestyle changes, prevention of injury, avoidance of
aspirin. Joint bleeding is manged by immobilization of the limb
and application of ice.
Complications of shock - ANSWER -low BP (< 90 mmHg),
narrow pulse pressure, tachycardia, acute renal failure,
decrease in level of consciousness, increase respiratory rate
and metabolic/respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia. ARDS, DIC,
and MODs can develop if left untreated.
cardiogenic shock - ANSWER -Shock caused by inadequate
function of the heart, or pump failure. Usually due to MI,
cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and heart structural
issues.
obstructive shock - ANSWER -due to obstruction of blood flow.
Due to pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax and dissecting aortic aneurysm.
,hypovolemic shock - ANSWER -shock resulting from blood or
fluid loss. Due to hemorrhage, over use of diuretics, dehydration
from vomiting/diarrhea or burns.
distributive shock - ANSWER -Shock due to a shift of fluid from
blood to tissues. due to anaphylaxis, neuro/spinal cord trauma,
spinal anasthesia, or sepsis.
Parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER -In the
parasympathetic system, the hypothalamus releases CRH,
anterior pituitary secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone, then the
adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids (cortisol and
aldosterone). In PNS stress responses, gluconeogenesis,
protein catabolism, inhibition of glucose uptake, suppression of
protein synthesis, stabilization of vascular activity, and immune
response suppression. The PNS normalizes the reaction from
the SNS.
Extracellular fluid - ANSWER -The body fluid on the outside of
the cell. Lies between the cells (interstitial compartment), in the
blood vessels (vascular compartment) in defense connective
tissue and bone, and in several minor compartments that are
collectively known as transcellular fluids. Extracellular fluid in the
, vascular and interstitial compartments are relatively rich in
sodium, chloride and bicarbonate ions.
Intracellular fluids - ANSWER -Fluids located on the inside of
the cell. The intracellular fluid is relatively rich in potassium and
magnesium ions, inorganic and organic phosphates, and
proteins.
Intake (fluids enter the human body) - ANSWER -Orally by
drinking or eating, intravenous intake, intake into the
gastrointestinal tract, other body cavities, subcutaneous tissue,
bone marrow, rectal intake, and sometimes lungs.
Output (fluid excreted) - ANSWER -Urination, bowels, lungs,
and skin is normal. Abnormal is through emesis, tubes in the
gastrointestinal tract or other body cavities, hemorrage,
drainage of fistula, wounds, or open areas of skin, and
paransenthesis.
Dehydration ( ECF volume deficit) - ANSWER -Caused by loss
of fluid through abnormal routes or excess. Clinical
The difference between signs and symptoms/ objective versus
subjective data. - ANSWER -Signs are objective data, it is
