BBH 101- Lesson 3 Notes Already Graded A+
### Overview of the Nervous System
1. Nervous System Composition: - Includes: Brain, spinal cord, and all nerves that carry messages to and from the periphery of the body.
2. Two Broad Categories: - Central Nervous System (CNS): - Composed of the bra...
BBH 101- Lesson 3 Notes Already Graded A+
### Overview of the Nervous System
1. Nervous System Composition:
- Includes: Brain, spinal cord, and all nerves that carry messages to and from the periphery of the body.
2. Two Broad Categories:
- Central Nervous System (CNS):
- Composed of the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
- All nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body.
### Central Nervous System
- Functions:
- Site where all thoughts originate.
- Processes all sensations (e.g., touch, smell, taste).
- Spinal Cord Role:
- Acts as a conduit for motor information from the brain to the body and sensory information from the
body to the brain.
- Critical component for transmitting signals within the nervous system.
### Peripheral Nervous System
1. Divisions:
- Somatic Nervous System:
- Involved in voluntary muscle control, stimulating muscles for movement.
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):
- Manages automatic processes such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.
### Autonomic Nervous System Divisions
, 1. Sympathetic Nervous System:
- Activates during threatening situations (e.g., "fight or flight" response).
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System:
- Dominates during restful states; responsible for "rest-and-digest" activities.
### Fundamental Units of the Nervous System
- Neurons:
- Building blocks of the nervous system.
- Up to 100 billion neurons in the human body.
### Structure of Neurons
1. Dendrites:
- Branching tree-like structures that receive information (in the form of neurotransmitters).
2. Neurotransmitter Interaction:
- Neurotransmitters communicate with proteins called receptors located on the dendrites'
membranes.
3. Cell Body (Soma):
- Resembles other body cells.
- Electrical impulses from dendrites converge here, potentially causing an action potential.
4. Axon:
- Long, tube-like extension that transmits the action potential down the neuron.
5. Myelin:
- Insulating material covering many axons, preventing electrical impulses from decaying as they travel.
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