A summary of topic 10, organised so the notes are easy to understand. The notes are on slides, so they can be printed out and used as revision cards or posters, for revision on the go. The notes cross-reference the specification so it is easy to see where each bit of information has come from. They...
Reversible reactions: Eqm constant - Kc
- Can change position of eqm = tells us position of eqm using ratio of prod:react, showing
- Eqm = forwards & backwards reaction happens at yield (prod) at eqm
the same rate, conc of react and prod remains the Big Kc = eqm lies on the RHS ∴ more products
same
- Dynamic eqm = closed system + eqm above
- Catalyst dont change position of eqm, they only ↑
products
rate
Le chatelier's principle: reactants
= for a closed system at eqm, is a change is made the
position of eqm will shift in a direction to oppose the change
Eqm in industry
- Eqm on right = more products - good in industry
- Eqm on left = more reactants - bad in industry
Changing the position of the eqm:
(homogeneous system in eqm) Calculating Kc
Temperature 1. Determine whether its a homo/heterogeneous system
- ↑ temp - eqm will move in the endo direction (endo - Homo = all components in same state
- Hetero = 2+ in different states
product) to take in excess heat
- ↓ temp - eqm will move in exo direction (exo products) DON'T INCLUDE PURE SOLIDS IN Kc EQ
to release heat 1. Units of Kc:
Concentration A+B→C+D Use same powers at Kc equation
- ↑ conc A - eqm shift to RHS to restore conc of A
- ↓ conc A - eqm shift to LHS to restore conc of A
Pressure
(only gases, ignore non-gases)
- ↑ pressure - eqm shifts to side w less gas particles
- ↓ pressure - eqm shifts to side w more gas particles
Catalyst
- Will ↓ Ea for both forward and backwards reactions
- ∴ won't affect position of eqm
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