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NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance Exam Prep Questions And Answers ()
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NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance Exam Prep Questions AndAnswers (202472025)
Practical nurse's role in family planning - ✔✔a.
reinforce teaching by health care providers on methods of contraception
b.
encourage questions
c.
provide opportunity for woman (and partner) to discuss feelings about contraception
d.
have user explain chosen method ("say back")
e.
clarify any misunderstandings
Fertility awareness methods
Three common methods used include - ✔✔Calendar method: estimates date of ovulation based on
length of cycle; also called "rhythm method" or "natural family planning"
Basal body temperature charting
identifies ovulation by a rise in temperature
the woman takes her temperature in the morning every day before getting out of bed
Cervical mucous method: identifies ovulation by the increase in mucous amount and stretchability
Symptothermal method: a name for the combination all three of the above methods
Chemical agents or spermicides - ✔✔Prevent pregnancy by keeping sperm from joining with an
egg by blocking the cervix or by keeping the sperm from moving
Inserted deep into the vagina shortly before intercourse
Products include creams, foams, jellies, or suppositories
,Mechanical barrier methods - ✔✔Diaphragm
a shallow latex cup inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy
prevents sperm from joining with an egg
should be used with spermicide cream or jelly to be as effective as possible
Cervical cap
a silicone cup inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix
FemCap is the only brand available in the U.S.
should be used with spermicide cream or jelly to be as effective as possible
Birth Control Sponge
foam sponge inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy
it covers the cervix and blocks sperm from entering the uterus while continuously releasing a
spermicide
Condoms
Female
a plastic pouch with flexible rings at each end
it covers the inside of the vagina and will collect semen, preventing sperm from joining with an
egg
Male
thin latex or plastic sheath worn on the penis during intercourse
collects semen, preventing sperm from joining with an egg.
Birth control pills - ✔✔The hormones work by
keeping a woman's ovaries from releasing eggs
thickening a woman's cervical mucus
thinning the lining of the uterus
Birth control pills
certain medications and supplements may make the pill less effective, including rifampin, St.
John's wort, some anti-seizure medications
single-hormone contraceptive pills
progestin-only
,must be taken at the same time every day
Birth control Pill combined-hormone therapy - ✔✔contain estrogen and progestin
most common side effects, which usually clear up after two to three months, may include bleeding
between periods; breast tenderness; nausea and vomiting (take at bedtime to help control this)
contraindicated with family history of stroke, migraines, hypertension, diabetes, chronic renal
disease, thrombophlebitis, tobacco use (particularly if older than 35 years-old)
Birth Control Pill: emergency contraception pill, also called the "morning after pill" - ✔✔provide
the body with a brief high dose of synthetic hormones similar to the traditional birth control pill
prevent pregnancy by stopping either fertilization or ovulation
dosing
Progestin-only: Take 2 pills as soon as possible within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse
Combined oral contraceptive pills: Take 2 pills as soon as possible (within 72 to 120 hours,
depending on the brand) of unprotected intercourse and then 2 (or more, depending on the brand)
pills 12 hours later
may cause nausea or vomiting, but only for about 24 hours; sometimes women also experience
headache, dizziness, and breast tenderness
Birth Control Patch - ✔✔plastic patch that sticks to the skin that releases estrogen and progestin
placed on the skin once a week for three weeks in a row, followed by a patch-free week
Birth control vaginal ring - ✔✔a small ring placed in the vagina once a month for three weeks to
prevent pregnancy
releases estrogen and progestin
Birth control shot - ✔✔an injection of the hormone progestin
each shot prevents pregnancy for three months
may delay conception for up to two years after discontinuation of the product
Intrauterine devices (IUD) - ✔✔Small T-shaped plastic device inserted into the uterus to prevent
pregnancy
, May cause heavier menstrual bleeding, severe cramping, and bleeding between periods
Two types of devices sold in the U.S.
the ParaGard IUD contains copper
the Mirena IUD releases a small amount of progestin
Permanent sterilization
Male - vasectomy - ✔✔surgical procedure; can be performed under local anesthesia in a
physician's office
each vas deferens is closed or blocked off, which keeps sperm out of the seminal fluid
partners should be counseled that alternative birth control methods need to be used temporarily
because this does not cause a man to be instantly sterile
Types of Interruption of Pregnancy - ✔✔a.
therapeutic: medical indications; physical or psychiatric reasons
b.
elective (voluntary): nonmedical indications
c.
spontaneous (involuntary): initially occurs without medical intervention
i.
1 in 4 pregnancies ends in "miscarriage"
ii.
bleeding and loss of the pregnancy = loss of a hoped for, dreamed of baby
provide information and support women and their families experiencing a perinatal loss
nurses offer supportive statements, such as "I am sorry for your loss" or "I am sorry this is
happening to you"
Types of methods for interruption of pregnancy - ✔✔a.
first trimester: menstrual extraction; dilation and curettage (D&C); suction or vacuum aspiration;
mifepristone (RU-486) and misoprostol (Cytotec) - when 8 weeks pregnant or less
b.
second trimester: dilation and evacuation (D&E); saline injection; prostaglandins (vaginal)
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