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APSC 151 Final Questions And Answers
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Tsar bomb ~ Largest fusion bomb (3500x Hiroshima) Solar flare ~ Eruption of charged particles caused by Sun's magnetic field due to rotation of material and energy inside Sun Solar cycles ~ Every however many years there are solar highs were there is more stuff happening, e.g. you can see ...

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  • August 5, 2024
  • 51
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • apsc 151 final questions and answers

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APSC 151 Final Questions And
Answers

Ore


✓✓✓✓~ Metallic minerals that can be mined at a profit, rock containing metal




Types of ore


✓✓✓✓~ Metallic and nonmetallic resources




Natural aggregate


✓✓✓✓~ Crushed stone, sand, and gravel




Aggregate comes from...


✓✓✓✓~ Glacial outwash deposits in Canada




Aggregate used...


✓✓✓✓~ To make concrete and asphalt

,Stone used...


✓✓✓✓~ For facings, walkways, and countertops




Other ore resources


✓✓✓✓~ Diamond, gold, copper, zinc, potash, coal, uranium




Mineral exploration engineering


✓✓✓✓~ Research, geophysics, field mapping, exploration drilling, geochemical sampling,

structural modelling, 3D orebody estimation, confirmation drilling




Exploration geophysics


✓✓✓✓~ Using seismics, electrical methods, electromagnetism, radiation, radar, micro-

gravity, and 3D visualization




Geochemistry


✓✓✓✓~ Looking for indicator minerals in soil and rock and using elemental isotopes to

examine history




Reserve modelling

,✓✓✓✓~ Integrates regional geology, drilling data, geochemistry, geophysics to estimate

total viable reserve




Amount of core to get to feasibility stage


✓✓✓✓~ 75-150 km




Types of deposits


✓✓✓✓~ Magmatic, porphyry, volcanic, hydrothermal, sedimentary, placer




Magmatic deposits


✓✓✓✓~ Some metals enriched and concentrated during magma cooling, heavy minerals

crystallize early and concentrate at bottom of magma chamber (e.g. chromite, iron,

magnetite)




Porphyry orebodies


✓✓✓✓~ Magmatic and hydrothermal (hot water) - form as liquid and gas volatiles change

chemical state and change saturation limit for sulphide minerals




Copper porphyry

, ✓✓✓✓~ Cyclical magmatic intrusion with alteration by volcanic waters




Volcanic deposits


✓✓✓✓~ Violent kimberlite eruptions bringing diamonds from upper mantle to surface




Epithermal volcanic deposits


✓✓✓✓~ Near surface deposits precipitated from hot volcanic waters




What causes different ore types?


✓✓✓✓~ Interaction with temperature, pressure, volatile gases, and solution as magma rises




Hydrothermal deposits associated with igneous activity


✓✓✓✓~ Hot groundwater dissolves metals in the presence of salts and hydrothermal fluids

move along fractures, cool, and deposit them as orebodies




Black smokers - type of hydrothermal deposit


✓✓✓✓~ Seawater gushes from seafloor near spreading centres and precipitates

volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits - deformed by tectonics

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