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REHS KENTUCKY STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
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REHS KENTUCKY STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
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REHS KENTUCKY STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONSWhat is the most plentiful form of available water? - answer- Groundwater
What are Waterborne Diseases? - answer- Results from ingestion of water that is
harboring a pathogen example: Typhoid fever.
What are Water-washed Diseases? - answer- Spread by fecal-oral route or person to
person contact. Facilitated by lack of personal hygiene.
What are Water-based Diseases? - answer- Caused by infection arising through
ingestion of pathogenic agent Example: guinea worm larvae, Termatode larvae.
What are Water-related Diseases? - answer- Facilitated by insects vector that breed in
water: example filariastus abthropods that carry Dengue fever.
What are Inhalation of contaminated water aerosols? - answer- Legionella Pneumophila
What is the ecologic agent of cyclosporiasis? - answer- Cyclospora Cayetanensis
What food is associated with cyclosporiasis? - answer- Imported Raspberries, Lettuce
form South America
Most waterborne disease fatalities occurred before 1940 and were attributed to the
waterborne illness? - answer- Typhoid Fever
Waters suitable for drinking water supplies and shellfish rearing are monitored routinely
for? - answer- Microbiological Quality
Only what % of the global content of water constitutes fresh water? - answer- 2.6 or 3
Percent
What is a waterborne disease that can be prevented through vaccinations is ? - answer-
Typhoid Fever or Cholera
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that ______% of all diseases are
attributable to inadequate water or sanitation - answer- 80 Percent
Viral infections readily spread through drinking water, food and water-contact recreation
activities due to what? - answer- The low infectious dose for pathogenic viruses and
protoza.
Shigellosis: - answer- A bacteria
What is the specific agent for shingellosis? - answer- Genus shingella Example: flexneri,
sonnei, boydlii, and dysenteriae
,What is the Reservoir for shingellosis? - answer- Feces of carriers and infected persons
What are the symptoms of shingellosis? - answer- Acute onset with diarrhea, fever,
tenesmus, frequent stools containing blood and mucus.
What is the incubation for shingellosis? - answer- 1-7 days, usually less than 4 days
Botulism - answer- Bacterial toxin
What is the specific agent for botulism? - answer- Clostridium botulinum and c para
botulinum that produce toxins
What is the reservoir for botulism? - answer- Soil, dust, fruits, veggies, food, mud, fish,
animals and human feces.
What are the symptoms of botulism? - answer- GI pain, diarrhea or constipation,
prostration, difficulty swallowing, double vision, difficulty in respiration.
What is the incubation period of botulism? - answer- 2 hours to 8 days, usually 12-36
hours
Bacillus Cereus Food poisioning (Emetic Type) - answer- Emetic= vomiting bacterial
toxins
What are the specific agent for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? - answer- Bacillus
Cereus, Toxins heat stable
What is the reservoir for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? - answer- Spores found in wide
variety of cereals, spices, veggies, and milk.
What are the symptoms for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? - answer- Vomiting,
diarrhea, and nausea
What is the incubation period for Bacillus Cereus (Emetic Type)? - answer- 1- 6 hours
Bacillus Cereus Food poisioning (Diarrheal Type) - answer- Bacterial toxins
What is the specific agent for Bacillus Cereus Food poisioning (Diarrheal Type)? -
answer- Bacillus cereus, toxin heat stable
What is the specific agent of listeriosis? - answer- Listeria Monocytogenes
What is the reservoir of listeriosis? - answer- Goats, cattle, human, fowl, soil, water, and
sewage
,What are the symptoms of listeriosis? - answer- Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting,
meningeal symptoms
What is the incubation period of listeriosis? - answer- Probably a few days to 3 weeks
Scombroid Fish Poisoning - answer- Histamine like toxins
What is the specific agent of Scombroid Fish Poisoning? - answer- Scombrotoxin
(Histamine like toxins)
What is the reservoir of Scombroid Fish Poisoning? - answer- Fish that have been held
at room temperature forming toxic histamine in muscle, molk from cows pastured on
snake foot
What are the symptoms of Scombroid Fish Poisoning? - answer- Headache, burning
mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tingling of fingers, fever, cramps
What is the incubation period of Scombroid Fish Poisoning? - answer- Several minutes
to 1 hour
Prior to the 19th Century, civilization regarded the onset of infections being caused by
foul air, were commonly called - answer- Miasma
Diseases such as typhus, ______________, ________________, and ____________
were common in Europe, the United States, and other parts of the world prior to the
20th century - answer- Cholera, Typhoid and Dysentery
Who was John Snow and what was his role in the cholera epidemic of 1849 and 1854?
- answer- He was a physician who investigated two Asiatic cholera epidemics in
London. Most famous was the pump handle that when removed the epidemic was
brought under control, He was considered the epidemiological giant of his time.
What role did Robert Koch play in the study of cholera in the 1880s? - answer- German
physician who succeeded in isolating culturing the cholera bacillus from stools of
advanced cholera patients. He proved that there was a relationship between polluted
water and the disease.
Water treatment, specifically the application of disinfectant, has practically
eliminated many of the traditional waterborne diseases in developed countries,
However waterborne diseases such as; ___________________, _______________
and _______________________ still occur. - answer- Viral Gastroenteritis, infectious
hepatitis A, and giardiasis/ cryptosporidiosis
Waterborne diseases in the U.S. occur more frequently in what water systems? -
answer- Non-community water systems
, What is a community water system? - answer- A public water system that supplies
water to the same population year round
What is a non-transient non-community water system? - answer- A public water system
that regularly supplies water to at least 25 of the same people at least 6 months per
year, but not year round Examples: schools, offices, and hospitals
What is a transient non-community water system? - answer- A public water system that
provides water in a place such as a campground or gas station where people do not
remain for long periods of time
Drinking water contaminated with what is the principle cause of waterborne diseases? -
answer- Sewage
Cryptosporidium oocysts can survive in surface water at 4 0 C for how many months? -
answer- 18 plus months
What are the six barriers of a multiple barrier plan of water treatment to ensure the
safety of the consumer? - answer- Source water protection, water treatment plant
processes, disinfection practices, distribution systems, security, and education
What are the EPA recommendations for a minimum state regulatory program regarding
the surveillance of a public water supply? - answer- Water quality sampling-
bacteriological, chemical, and radio logical this would also include turbidity and residual
chlorine, supervision of operation, maintenance, and use of approved state, utility, and
private lab services, cross connection control and bottled bulk water safety
Schistosomiasis is largely endemic to which three places? - answer- Africa, Asia and
South America
Schistosomiasis is spread by freshwater - answer- Fresh water snails
It is estimated that there are more than how many cases or more annually of
schistosomiasis and the number is expected to increase? - answer- 300 million
Category A agents ( Bio-terrorism) - answer- High level priority for preparedness
examples: small pox, anthrax, plague etc
Category B agents ( Bio-terrorism) - answer- Agents have a need for improved
awareness,, surveillance measures and lab diagnosis examples: Q fever, brucellosis,
glanders etc.
Category C agents ( Bio-terrorism) - answer- Agents have a need for continued review
of potential threat to the public examples: nipah virus, hantaviruses, and tick borne
hemorrhagic fever
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