Unit 5 NURS 316 Test Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 316
Institution
NUR 316
Normal Microbes Beneficial Effects competing for nutrients produced substances that affect invading microbes affecting growth conditions
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis penecillins cephalosporins carbapenems misc.
Inhibition of protein synthesis (Translation) Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Oxazo...
Unit 5 NURS 316 Test Questions and
Correct Answers
Normal Microbes Beneficial Effects ✅competing for nutrients
produced substances that affect invading microbes
affecting growth conditions
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis ✅penecillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
misc.
Inhibition of protein synthesis (Translation) ✅Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Oxazolidinones
Macrolides
Disruption of plasma membrane ✅azoles and polyenes
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (replication/transcription) ✅floroquinolones
rifampicin
inihibition of metabolic pathways ✅sulfonamides
trimethoprim
Action of B-lactam antibiotics ✅b-lactam group of penicillin binds to inactivated
transpeptidases preventing peptidoglycan synthesis leading to cell destruction
Penecillin G ✅natural penicillin, required injection
Penicillin V ✅natural penicillin oral admin
Cephalosporins ✅sephalothin, cefixime
Oxacillin and Methacillin ✅semisynthetic penecillin
modification to prevent cleavage by B-lactamases
Chloramphenicol MOA ✅Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit and
inhibitor peptide bond
Tetracycline ✅interferes with attachment of tRNA to mRNA-ribosome complex
, Streptomycin ✅changes shape of the 30S potion causing code on mRNA to be read
incorrectly
Quinolone and fluoroquinolones ✅inhibit DNA gyrase required for DNA replication
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole ✅inhibits bacteria enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase
that is essential for bacterial metabolism
Pharmacotherapy of TB ✅Initial phase - active cells are killed
continuation phase - dormant mycobacteria are killed and may last for 6 to 12 months
Isoniazid Función ✅M. Tuberculosis prophylaxis and treatment
first line drugs
Isoniazid MOA ✅inhibit synthesis of mycelia acid, better for rapidly dividing organisms
bactericidal and bacteriostatic for dormant mycobacteria
persister cells ✅microbes with genetic characteristics allowing for their survival when
exposed to an antibiotic
Superbugs ✅bacteria that are resistant to large numbers of antibiotics
Major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance ✅-drug inactivation or modification
-prevention of access to the drug target site
-alteration of the drug target side
-increasing active efflux to pump the drugs out of cells
Transformation ✅bacteria takes up DNA from environment
Transduction ✅donor DNA packaged in bacteriophage infects bacterium
Conjugation ✅donor bactéria transfer DNA to recipient by mating
Methicillin resistant bacteria mechanism ✅altered transpeptidased which are still active
for cross-linking but no longer recognized by beta-lactam
Vancomycin MOA ✅last line antibiotic for serious gram negative infections and binds
to the terminal amino residues of the NAM/NAG=peptide subunits
Vancomycin mechanisms of resistance ✅alteration to the terminal amino acid residues
of the NAM/NAG peptide subunits that vancomycin normally binds to
viral replication steps ✅-attachment
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