Exam (elaborations)
2024 NR507- ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR507- ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR507- ADVANCEDPATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Melanoma - CORRECT ANSWERS-Most aggressive skin cancer
Thickness of lesion impacts prognosis
Plaque Psoriasis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Typical lesion is well-demarcated,
thick, silery, erythematous plaque surrounded by normal skin that can
appear anywhere on the body
Acute renal failure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this
indicates that kidneys are functioning well
Acute Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diagnosing by clinical symptoms
alone can be difficult; can be similar to cystitis
Cerebrovascular Accident - CORRECT ANSWERS-Review s/s depending on the
artery infarcted
Example: infarct in the ACA will result in motor: contralateral paralysis or
paresis (greater in foot and thigh)
Sensory deficits associated with basilar artery infarct include contralateral
loss of vibratory sense, sense of position with dysmetria, loss of two-point
discrimination, impaired rapid alternating movements
Rosacea - CORRECT ANSWERS-Familial tendency, several genes identified
Neurovascular dysregulation, infection and factors that trigger altered innate
and adaptive immune response involved (ex: chronic sun exposure/damage,
heat, drinking alcohol or hot beverages, hormonal fluctuations, Demodex
folliculorum/mites colonization, mental stress and anxiety)
Diagnosis established by:
, -Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be
present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract
imaging
Renal Calculi (Renal Stones) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Goals of Treatment:
Manage acute pain
Promote passage of stone
Reduce size of stone
Prevent new stone formation
Chronic Renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is
a progressive loss of renal function associated with systemic disease such as
hypertension, diabetes mellitus (most significant risk factor), systemic lupus
erythematosus or intrinsic kidney disease
CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria
Who is a candidate for dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-End-stage renal
disease (ESRD) is the final stage of CKD with the number one cause being
diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension. At this point, the patient is
completely dependent on dialysis to survive.
CKD is classified into five stages and is based on the patient's GFR rather
than symptoms.
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present:
--Metabolic acidosis.
--Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked T-
waves) is an indication for dialysis. --Hyperkalemia by itself is not an
indication for dialysis.
--Drug toxicity: Drug toxicity due to the following drugs is an indication for
dialysis and include salicylates, Lithium, Isopropanol, Methanol and Ethylene
glycol).
--Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
--Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
Stage I CKD - CORRECT ANSWERS-There is kidney damage with normal or
elevated GFR
90-120
Stage II CKD - CORRECT ANSWERS-There is kidney damage with mild
decrease in GFR
60-89
Stage III CKD - CORRECT ANSWERS-There is a moderate decrease in GFR
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