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Samenvatting psychologie goedele: eerste jaar orthopedagogie
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ik was erdoor met enkel deze samenvatting enkel de lessen van goedele samengevat aan de hand van notities, boek en andere samenvattingen
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Inhoudsopgave1. Kenmerken van de wetenschap............................................................................................. 4
1.1 Domein:............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Hypothesen en theorieën:.......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Reductie:........................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Intersubjectieve overeenstemming:...................................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Formulering.................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Voortgang:....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 kritisch............................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.8 Mensbeeld en filosofisch gedachtengoed............................................................................................................ 5
2. Situering tussen de wetenschappen..................................................................................... 6
3. Methoden....................................................................................................................................... 6
3.1 mensenkennis................................................................................................................................................................. 6
3.2 niet psychometrische methoden............................................................................................................................. 6
3.3 Psychometrische methoden...................................................................................................................................... 7
...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2) Correlationeel onderzoek.............................................................................................................................. 8
1. Situering........................................................................................................................................ 9
2. Kenmerken van het black-boxbehaviorisme.....................................................................9
2.1 Omgevingsprikkels (S) –gedrag (R)...................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Leerprocessen.............................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Experimenten............................................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Klassieke conditionering....................................................................................................... 10
3.1 voorbeelden.................................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.2 kenmerken..................................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 toepassingen................................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.4 toch cognitief............................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.5 methodieken................................................................................................................................................................. 14
4. Operante conditionering....................................................................................................... 15
4.1 Thorndike...................................................................................................................................................................... 15
4.2 Skinner en zijn skinnerbox..................................................................................................................................... 15
4.3 operante conditionering......................................................................................................................................... 16
4.4 Belonen........................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.5 kenmerken..................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5. Toepassen................................................................................................................................... 18
,6. Neobehaviorisme..................................................................................................................... 19
1. Systemen..................................................................................................................................... 20
2. Kenmerken................................................................................................................................. 20
2.1 totaliteit, gestalt......................................................................................................................................................... 20
2.2 integraal en complex................................................................................................................................................ 20
2.3 contextueel.................................................................................................................................................................... 20
2.4 Grenzen........................................................................................................................................................................... 20
2.5 Feedback (=verandering)....................................................................................................................................... 20
2.6 Circulariteit of circulaire causaliteit................................................................................................................. 21
2.7 equifinaliteit................................................................................................................................................................. 21
1. Communicatie........................................................................................................................... 21
2. Axioma’s van Watzlawick....................................................................................................... 22
2.1 Axioma 1: het is onmogelijk om niet te communiceren.............................................................................22
2.2 Axioma 2: iedere communicatie heeft een inhouds- en betrekkingsaspect.......................................22
2.3 Axioma 3: de aard van de betrekking is afhankelijk van de interpunctie..........................................23
2.4 Axioma 4: mensen communiceren zowel digitaal als analoog...............................................................23
2.5 Axioma 5: communicatie tussen mensen is symmetrisch of complementair....................................24
3. Systeem therapeutische stromingen.................................................................................25
3.1 cybernetische school................................................................................................................................................. 25
4.2 strategische school.................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.3 structurele school....................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.4 contextuele school...................................................................................................................................................... 26
1. Freud............................................................................................................................................ 28
1.1 wat ervoor kwam (leermeesters Freud)........................................................................................................... 28
2. Theorieën en concepten......................................................................................................... 29
2.1 Psychoseksuele fasen................................................................................................................................................ 29
2.2 Persoonlijkheidsstructuren.................................................................................................................................... 30
2.3 Soorten bewustzijn.................................................................................................................................................... 30
2.4 Analytische kuur......................................................................................................................................................... 30
3. Afweermechanismen.............................................................................................................. 31
4. Volgelingen van Freud............................................................................................................ 32
Overeenkomsten/uitgangspunten alle analythicussen.....................................................................................32
4.1 Carl G. Jung................................................................................................................................................................... 33
4.2 Otto Rank....................................................................................................................................................................... 33
4.3 Alfred Adler................................................................................................................................................................... 33
4.4 Melanie Klein............................................................................................................................................................... 34
, 4.5 Erich Fromm................................................................................................................................................................. 34
4.6 Jacques Lacan.............................................................................................................................................................. 34
Recent..................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Mentaliseren........................................................................................................................................................................ 34
5. Aantrekkingskracht................................................................................................................ 34
6. Kritieken..................................................................................................................................... 34
Hoofdstuk 13: Positieve psychologie...................................................................................... 34
1. Seligman...................................................................................................................................... 35
2. Csikzentmihalyi........................................................................................................................ 35
3. Minder optimistisch................................................................................................................ 35
, H1: Psychologie: psychologie als wetenschap
Psychologie is de wetenschap die zich bezighoudt met het gedrag van mensen en hoe
mensen denken
Er zijn heel veel psychische stromingen met elk een verschillende kijk op de mens met
psychische stoornissen.
Bv. Behaviorisme: is de filosofie achter de psychologie. Het spreekt zich uit over het onderzoek
domein en de onderzoeksmethoden van de psychologie.
Nature vs nurture: het eeuwige debat of gedrag is aangeboren of aangeleerd
nature= aangeboren nurture= aangelerd
Freud: psychoanalyse (Es, Ich en Uber-Ich)
Charles Darwin: evolutietheorie/evolutiespychologie
Daniel Kahneman: cognitieve psychologie
1. Kenmerken van de wetenschap
1.1 Domein:
Def: onderwerp van een bepaalde wetenschap of discipline
Elke stroming heeft een eigen domein.
Bv. Psychologie => de mens
Behaviorisme => observeerbaar gedrag
Systeempsychologie => communicatie
Cognitieve psychologie -> denken/denkpatronen
Psycho analyticussen -> het onbewuste
1.2 Hypothesen en theorieën:
Def: hypothese is een niet bewezen, wetenschappelijke stelling.
Psychologie is een wetenschap en steunt op hypothesen en theorieën.
Hypothesen zijn het begin van een theorie.
Hypothesen en theorieën hangen samen met een bepaald domein.
Bv. Behaviorisme -> klassieke en opperante conditionering. (=leerprocessen)
Evolutiepsychologie-> Charles Darwin
Psycho analyticussen -> hersenspinsels van Freud.
1.3 Reductie:
Def: Reductie is een vereenvoudiging van de totale werkelijkheid. De werkelijkheid isoleren
in deelsystemen.
De kracht van wetenschap is het isoleren van deelsystemen.
Bv. - Water = h20, maar je kan zwemmen in water, je kan drinken van water, er is een zee, een
meer, een rivier, water is dus veel meer dan enkel een formule
- What’s it like to be a bat? We kunnen niet zeker zijn hoe het is om een vleermuis te zijn, we
kunnen niet voelen wat andere voelen, dus we weten nooit 100% zeker hoe het is.
Alle theorieën falen
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