Understanding Normal And Clinical Nutrition 12th E
Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition 12th E
Exam (elaborations)
Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition 12th Edition Test Bank Questions With Correct Answers
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Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition 12th E
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Understanding Normal And Clinical Nutrition 12th E
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics - answer-the professional organization of dietitians in the United States; formerly the American Dietetic Association.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) - answer-the estimated amount of a sweetener that individuals can safely consume each day over the course of a l...
Understanding Normal and Clinical
Nutrition 12th Edition Test Bank
Questions With Correct Answers 2024-
2025
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics - answer-the professional organization
of dietitians in the United States; formerly the American Dietetic
Association.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) - answer-the estimated amount of a
sweetener that individuals can safely consume each day over the course of
a life- time without adverse effect.
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) - answer-ranges of
intakes for the energy nutrients that provide adequate energy and nutrients
and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
accredited - answer-approved; in the case of medical centers or
universities, certified by an agency recognized by the US Department of
Education.
acetaldehyde (ass-et-AL-duh-hide) - answer-an intermediate in alcohol
metabolism.
acetone breath - answer-a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person
with ketosis.
acetyl CoA (ASS-eh-teel or ah-SEET-il, coh-AY) - answer-a 2-carbon
compound (acetate or acetic acid) to which a molecule of CoA is attached.
,acupuncture (AK-you-PUNK-chur) - answer-a therapy that involves
inserting thin needles into the skin at specific anatomical points, allegedly
to correct disruptions in the flow of energy within the body.
acute kidney injury - answer-the rapid decline of kidney function over a
period of hours or days; potentially a cause of acute renal failure.
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - answer-respiratory failure
trig- gered by severe lung injury; a medical emergency that causes
dyspnea and pulmonary edema and usually requires mechanical
ventilation.
acute-phase proteins - answer-plasma proteins released from the liver at
the onset of acute infection. An example is C-reactive protein, which is
considered one of the main indicators of severe infection and has
antimicrobial effects.
acute-phase response - answer-changes in body chemistry resulting from
infection, inflammation, or injury; characterized by alterations in plasma
proteins.
achalasia (ack-ah-LAY-zhah) - answer-an esophageal disorder
characterized by the absence of peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the
lower esopha- geal sphincter.
achlorhydria (AY-clor-HIGH-dree-ah) - answer-absence of gastric acid
secretions.
acid controllers - answer-medications used to prevent or relieve indigestion
by suppressing production of acid in the stomach; also called H2 blockers.
Common brands include Pepcid AC, Tagamet HB, Zantac 75, and Axid AR.
acid regurgitation - answer-the sensation of gastric contents backing up
into the esophagus, possibly reaching the throat or mouth.
acid-base balance - answer-the equilibrium in the body between acid and
base concentrations.
acidosis (assi-DOE-sis) - answer-higher-than-normal acidity in the blood
and body fluids.
,acids - answer-compounds that release hydrogen ions in a solution.
acne - answer-a chronic inflammation of the skin's follicles and oil-
producing glands, which leads to an accumulation of oils inside the ducts
that surround hairs; usually associated with the maturation of young adults.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - answer-the late stage of
illness caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV);
characterized by severe damage to immune function.
adaptive immunity - answer-immunity that is specific for particular antigens;
it adapts to antigens in an individual's environment and is characterized by
"memory" for particular antigens; also called acquired immunity.
adaptive thermogenesis - answer-adjustments in energy expenditure
related to changes in environment such as extreme cold and to
physiological events such as overfeeding, trauma, and changes in hormone
status.
added sugars - answer-sugars and other kcaloric sweeteners that are
added to foods during processing, preparation, or at the table. Added
sugars do not include the naturally occurring sugars found in fruits and milk
products.
adequacy (dietary) - answer-providing all the essential nutrients, fiber, and
energy in amounts sufficient to maintain health.
Adequate Intake (AI) - answer-the average daily amount of a nutrient that
appears sufficient to maintain a specified criterion; a value used as a guide
for nutrient intake when an RDA cannot be determined.
adipokines (ADD-ih-poe-kines) - answer-proteins synthesized and secreted
by adipose cells.
adiponectin (AH-dih-poe-NECK-tin) - answer-a protein produced by
adipose cells that inhibits inflammation and protects against insulin
resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
, adipose (ADD-ih-poce) tissue - answer-the body's fat tissue; consists of
masses of triglyceride-storing cells.
adolescence - answer-the period from the beginning of puberty until
maturity.
adrenal glands - answer-glands adjacent to, and just above, each kidney.
advance health care directive - answer-written or oral instructions regarding
one's preferences for medical treatment to be used in the event of
becoming incapacitated; also called an advance medical directive or a
living will.
advanced glycation end products (AGEs) - answer-reactive compounds
formed after glucose combines with protein; AGEs can damage tissues and
lead to diabetic complications.
adverse reactions - answer-unusual responses to food (including
intolerances and allergies).
aerobic (air-ROE-bic) - answer-requiring oxygen.
AIDS-defining illnesses - answer-diseases and complications associated
with the later stages of an HIV infection, including recurrent bacterial
pneumonia, opportunistic infections, certain cancers, and wasting of
muscle tissue.
albuminuria - answer-the presence of albumin (a blood protein) in the urine,
a sign of diabetic nephropathy.
alcohol abuse - answer-a pattern of drinking that includes failure to fulfill
work, school, or home responsibilities; drinking in situations that are
physically dangerous (as in driving while intoxicated); recurring alcohol-
related legal problems (as in aggravated assault charges); or
continued drinking despite ongoing social problems that are caused by or
worsened by alcohol. - answer-
alcohol dehydrogenase (dee-high- DROJ-eh-nayz) - answer-an enzyme
active in the stomach and the liver that converts ethanol to acetaldehyde.
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