HKIN 276 Midterm 1 Test Questions and Answers All Correct
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Course
HKIN 276
Institution
HKIN 276
HKIN 276 Midterm 1 Test Questions and Answers All Correct
Distinction between the central and peripheral nervous systems - Answer-central - brain and spinal cord
peripheral - all nerves extending from brain or spinal cord
Distinction between sensory and motor neurons, interneurons - Answer-...
HKIN 276 Midterm 1 Test Questions
and Answers All Correct
Distinction between the central and peripheral nervous systems - Answer-central - brain
and spinal cord
peripheral - all nerves extending from brain or spinal cord
Distinction between sensory and motor neurons, interneurons - Answer-sensory
neurons carry information toward the CNS (afferent) while motor neurons carry
information away from CNS (efferent).
interneurons - connect afferent and efferent neurons within the CNS
afferent vs efferent divisions - Answer-afferent - somatic sensory, visceral sensory,
special sensory
efferent - somatic motor, autonomic motor (sympathetic parasympathetic, enteric)
nerve cell anatomy, structure, and function - Answer-structure: nerve cells are divided
into 3 parts: the cell body, dendrites, and the axon which are generally covered by
myelin sheathe. gaps between cells are called nodes.
function: respond to physical or chemical changes in their environment
resting membrane potential and related ions, Na+/K+ pump - Answer-determined by
permeability of plasma membrane to ions and difference in ion concentrations across
membranes (-5 to -100mv).
Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++
maintained by sodium potassium pump as it moves 2K+ in and 3 Na+ out
steps of action potential - Answer-1) membrane is at rest, channels have a negative
electrical gradient which maintains the Na/K pump (more K less N in cell)
2) stimulus opens ligard-gated channels Na2+ channels open and Na moves into cell
3) around -55mV, voltage gated channels open and Na+ rushes into the cell causing
depolarization
4) continued depolarization
5) Na+ channels close and K+ channels slowly open, causing K+ to leave the cell
(repolarization)
6) continuation of K+ leaking into extracellular fluid
7) K+ channels start closing
8) K+ channels close, hyperpolarization occurs (overshoot)
9) return to RMP
steps in propagation; role of myelin sheathe - Answer-1) start at initial segment
, 2) trigger zone summates to see if there are enough EPSPs to reach threshold
3) information travels down axon through sequential opening and closing of Na/K
pumps
4) once AP occurs, it is followed by refactory periods to prevent AP going backwards
5) absolute refractory period is followed by a relative refactory period
6) AP continues down axon followed by these refactory periods
Definition of motor control - Answer-the study of neural, behavioral, environmental, and
synergistic mechanisms responsible for human movement and stability
Definition of motor learning - Answer-process involved in acquiring motor skills and
variables/factors that promote/inhibit this acquisition
Definition of motor development - Answer-study of changes in motor behavior reflecting
maturation and environment
The learner influence on the performer - Answer-- previous skill learning
- motivations
- age and developmental readiness
- psychological characteristics
- fitness level
- body constraints/movements
The nature of the skill influence on the performer - Answer-- performed in
isolation/others
- rapid/slow execution
- perceptual demands
- stable/changing conditions
- equipment
- rules (constraint)
The environment influence on the performer - Answer-- environmental predictability
- presence of observers
- environmental context
- constraints on movement possibilities
- perceptual elements in environment
Distinction of discrete and continuous skills - Answer-discrete has a definite beginning
and end (ex. vball serve, free throw, kick), while continuous appears to have no
beginning or end (ex. cycling, swimming, running)
Distinction between skill and technique - Answer-skill - general movement pattern
adapted to limitations or constraints of a particular activity
technique - when a particular type of the same skill is performed (increased
effectiveness)
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