Wildlife disease
physical, physiological, behavioral and social well being of free ranging animals at an individual,
population and wider ecosystem level, and their resilience to change
not just absence of disease because not usually fully absent - ANS-What is wildlife health?
an abnormality of structure or function with an identifiable basis, resulting in either a
recognizable syndrome, clinical signs, subclinical disease or reproduction failure - ANS-What is
a disease?
viral, fungal, bacterial, parasitic, prions - ANS-Types of infections
clinical means there are obvious signs of it, subclinical means there are no overt signs rather an
underlying impairment - ANS-Clinical vs subclinical
infectious means it can spread to others (bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, etc.) whereas
non-infectious cannot be spread to others (toxicity, cancer, nutritional, etc.) - ANS-Infectious vs
non-infectious
micro (bacteria or fungi) or macro (ticks, fleas, etc.) - ANS-2 types of parasites
percent or proportion of diseased animals in a population at any one time
most common unit - ANS-Prevalence
1. endemic or enzootic (has been in a population for a long time)
2. epidemic or epizootic (is recently introduced so has big impact on population)
3. pandemic or panzootic (when an epidemic is worldwide) - ANS-3 classifications of disease
blood samples, biopsies, swabs, physical examinations - ANS-How to screen for disease in live
animals
necropsy (tissue samples, swabs, etc.) and disease outbreak investigation - ANS-How to screen
for disease in dead animals
One health, increasing number of emerging diseases, conservation threat, reservoir of disease,
animal welfare issue - ANS-Why is disease in wildlife populations important?
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