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ADULT ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY EXAM
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ADULT ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY EXAM2024-2025
A 32-year-old female presents with unusual chest pain. Her blood pressure is
112/50, her height is 6 feet, and she weighs 115 pounds. An echocardiography is
conducted, revealing mitral valve prolapse. Which is the most likely diagnosis for
this patient?
Which other cardiac structures should be evaluated? - ANSWER Marfan syndrome.
- Evaluate the aortic valve and aorta for the presence of valvular regurgitation,
aortic dilatation, and potential dissection.
A 39-year-old male with no cardiac history visits the doctor after complaining of
flu-like symptoms for a week. A previously unrecorded systolic murmur is
detected. An echocardiography shows an excessively thick anterior mitral valve
leaflet and mild mitral regurgitation. What's the most plausible explanation for
these echo findings?
What additional tests will be required to properly diagnose this patient? -
ANSWER mitral valve endocarditis
- blood cultures will assist in identifying the organism, and a TEE will determine
the amount of thickening.
A 55-year-old female complains of increased dissatisfaction with exercise for three
months. Her physical exam shows jugular venous distention, ascites, and a
pericardial knock. What's the most likely clinical diagnosis? - ANSWER
Constrictive pericarditis (all symptoms could be caused by a restriction to diastolic
filling)
A 32-year-old female complains of weariness, and her check x-ray shows
cardiomegaly. Echo images show RA and RV expansion. In addition, there is a
,flattened IVS, m-mode evidence of pulmonic valve mid-systolic closure, and an
absence of A-wave. Identify the heart abnormality that is consistent with these
results. - ANSWER Pulmonary hypertension
A 22-year-old male complains of chest pain after exercising. Echocardiography
shows concentric LV hypertrophy (2.5cm) with a small LV cavity size. Systolic
motion of the mitral leaflet (SAM) and pericardial effusion are not seen. Which is
the most likely diagnosis for this patient? - ANSWER Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy.
A 38-year-old male is taken to the lab for assessment after complaining of severe
dyspnea with exertion for two months. M-mode observations include dilated LV,
increased E point to septal separation (EPSS), a B-notch on the MV, and hypo
contractile LV wall motion. What form of heart problem do these results indicate? -
ANSWER Dilated cardiomyopathy.
After a chest x-ray revealed cardiomegaly, a 58-year-old female with a primary
symptom of increased dyspnea with exertion is referred for an echo. The
echocardiogram shows LV hypertrophy with a "bright" myocardial appearance, LA
enlargement, and a modest pericardial effusion. What's the most likely heart
diagnosis for this patient? - ANSWER Infiltrative (restrictive) cardiomyopathy.
A 56-year-old female goes to her doctor with a complaint of SOB. Physical
examination reveals a low-frequency diastolic (rumbling) murmur. The patient
denies any prior history of rheumatic fever. Which three cardiac abnormalities
might be present in this patient? - Answer: Mitral stenosis.
- LA Myxomas
- Aortic regurgitation.
A 31-year-old man with a history of uncontrolled systemic hypertension arrives at
the emergency room with acute chest pain that he describes as "ripping". What's the
most likely heart diagnosis for this patient?
, Which noninvasive test would be useful in confirming the diagnosis? - ANSWER
May be experiencing a MI, however everything points to an aortic dissection.
- TEE (chest CT is also useful).
An 18-year-old guy complains of "palpitations". His chest x-ray demonstrates
cardiomegaly, so an echocardiogram is done. The echocardiogram shows RA and
RV hypertrophy. The TV looks to be unusually displaced towards the apex. What is
the most likely cardiac problem in this patient? - ANSWER: Ebstein's anomaly
In the parasitic real short-axis view, at the level of the mitral valve and papillary
muscle, how many segments does the LV have? Name the ventricular segments. -
Answer 6 portions.
1. Inferolateral.
2. Anterolateral.
3. anterior
4. Anteroseptal.
5. Inferoseptal.
6. inferior.
In the apical 4 view, which two walls of the LV are visible? - ANSWER Anterior
and inferoseptal
In the Apical 2 perspective, which two LV walls may be seen? - Answer: Anterior
and inferior.
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