PBSI 209- Exam 1
How are etic and emic related to each cultural research approach, such as cross-cultural psychology? -
How are mirror neurons related to social learning? - All three forms (imitation, emulation, and teaching) involve
mirror neurons
- A special class of neurons found in primates, including humans, that activate in sympathy to observe actions
How can we use the cultural dimensions? -
How does culture influence people? - Influences and shapes people's behaviors but also plays a significant
role in shaping their cognition
How is a bigger brain related to the formation of culture? -
How is overimitation related to humans' complex culture? -
How is the Theory of Mind related to the formation of culture? -
What are cultural dimensions by Hofstede? -
What are difference studies? - Demonstrates and explains cross-cultural differences
What are examples of conformist transmission and prestige or success bias? -
What are examples of indigenous psychological research? -
What are examples of vertical, oblique, and horizontal transmission? -
What are generalizability studies? - Intends to establish equivalence of concepts or phenomena across
cultures
What are the characteristics of each cultural research approach, such as cross-cultural psychology? - -
Considers culture essential for comprehending human development and behavior
- Culture is treated as an independent variable, influencing outcomes like people's prioritized values
- Use empirical methods and statistical analysis techniques
- Absolutism, relativism, and universalism
- Uses both etic and emic perspectives
What are the differences between etic and emic? -
What are the differences between tradition and culture? - - Tradition: A distinctive behavior pattern shared by
two or more individuals in a social unit, which persists over time and that new practitioners acquire in part
through socially aided learning
, - Culture: Multiple traditions in different domains required for a minimal definition of culture
What are the differences between transmitted culture and evoked culture? - - Transmitted Culture: Culture
passed down from one individual or group to another
- Evoked Culture: Cultural elements arising in response to external factors
What are the reasons for cultural change? - - Environmental changes (e.g., natural disasters)
- Novel challenges from new conditions (e.g., internet hackers)
- Demographic alterations (e.g., war, disease, isolation)
- Modernization
- Intercultural transmission (e.g., migration, trade, religious proselytization, or conquest and colonization)
What are unpackaging studies? - Intends to identify underlying causes of cultural differences, to unpack the
ingredients contributing to differing cultural outcomes
What ethical issues may arise in cultural research? -
What factors accelerate the complexity of culture? - - Development of Epistemology (words to describe ways of
knowing)
- Moore's Law (Humans have evolved over a long period of time)
- Fellow creatures' development and needs (confine their activities to immediate needs)
- Evolution in human culture (from sticks and stones to airplanes and internet)
What is a case study? - An in-depth, detailed examination of a specific individual, group, event
What is a loose culture? - - There is greater tolerance for deviation from social norms
- Fewer rules, more flexibility in social behavior
- Individual expression and diversity are often more accepted and valued
What is a mixed methods study? - Mixes two or more different research techniques or strategies
What is a priming study? - Participants are typically exposed to a prime stimulus (e.g., a word, image, or
concept) before engaging in a task or making judgments about related stimuli
What is acculturation? - The psychological processes of accommodation in prolonged exposure to a culture not
your own
What is content information? - Concepts about objects, events, practices, and other matters of the world
context
What is cultural dynamics? -
What is cultural intelligence? - The ability to navigate the social world, utilizing social processes to quickly learn
a diverse set of skills within a culturally diverse setting.
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