Wildlife disease
1. endemic or enzootic (has been in a population for a long time)
2. epidemic or epizootic (is recently introduced so has big impact on population)
3. pandemic or panzootic (when an epidemic is worldwide) - ANS-3 classifications of disease
an abnormality of structure or function with an identifiable basis, resulting in either a
recognizable syndrome, clinical signs, subclinical disease or reproduction failure - ANS-What is
a disease?
blood samples, biopsies, swabs, physical examinations - ANS-How to screen for disease in live
animals
Buruli ulcers are flesh eating bacteria that can affect humans or wildlife, comes from the
environment but can possibly be spread by mosquitos or possums - ANS-Example of wildlife as
disease reservoir
changes in biodiversity, increased interface between humans, livestock and wildlife (habitat
degradation and destruction, urbanization, wildlife trade, intensification of agriculture) -
ANS-Drivers of emerging infectious diseases from wildlife reservoirs
Chytrid fungus has led to quick decline in many frog populations by binding to their skin and
causing issues - ANS-Example of disease as a conservation threat
clinical means there are obvious signs of it, subclinical means there are no overt signs rather an
underlying impairment - ANS-Clinical vs subclinical
different strains but global lineage is hypervirulent, novel disease, slow progression (can
transmit it before death), reservoir hosts, host behavior (basking frogs get rid of it easier) -
ANS-What drives spread of Chytrid fungus?
important to prevent the movement of pathogens between populations - ANS-Biosecurity
infectious means it can spread to others (bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, etc.) whereas
non-infectious cannot be spread to others (toxicity, cancer, nutritional, etc.) - ANS-Infectious vs
non-infectious
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