Summary
Summary Key tensions in the Conservatism ideology
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LIBERTARIANISM PATERNALISM ORGANIC SOCIETY/STATEPolitical philosophy that Members of the elite should govern in Society is like a living organism and changes gradually (organicism)
emphasises negative freedom there interests of those below them – Radical change would prevent society from functioning properly
Minimal state / laissez- noblesse oblige, natural hierarchy Social contract – natural rights favoured by Locke are a rationalistic conceit, individual rights are up to
faire the state to maintain
Free market – the New Traditional conservatism: natural
Right aristocracy, with a belief in paternalism Traditional conservatism:
Supported by Adam and the noblesse oblige Thomas Hobbes – the social contract: surrender autonomy for authority
Smith Natural rights and society don’t exist without the state
One nation conservatism: developed Edmund Burke – ‘little platoons’
New Right: from the paternalistic aspect of
Free market/small state traditional conservatism One nation conservatism:
Laissez-faire instead of Disraeli/Macmillan/Cameron – Role of the state is prevent bad not create good
atomism, individualism compassionate conservatism
and organic society New Right:
Ayn Rand – tax = slavery New right: paternalism restricts Thatcher: “no such thing as society”
Negative freedom = self- development Robert Nozick: monarchist govt – ‘night watchman’, deregulation and privatisation
fulfilment and self- Nozick – ‘tax for the most part is theft’
realisation Friedrich Hayek: ‘The Road to Serfdom’ – tax is slavery and welfare states should be abolished as the
bankrupt society. The government can literally not afford pensions.
HUMAN IMPERFECTION TRADITION PRAGMATISM
Pessimistic due to the civil war (Hobbes) Support for various institutions such as A rejection of ideology – seeking practical solutions
Utopian ideas about perfect societies are unrealistic Religion instead of basing decisions off of abstract reasoning
Burke: “our comfort and one great Disraeli – Artisan Dwellings Act dealt with
Traditional conservatism: reaction to the rational principles of the enlightenment in the source of civilisation” – gives slum clearance in a pragmatic fashion
th
18 century identity and social cohesion Peel’s Tamworth Manifesto – argued
Thomas Hobbes – Leviathan 1651: “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” Oakeshott: constitutional changes conservatism must be pragmatic and not
Edmund Burke – agrees with Hobbes, but not so harsh about human are dangerous if based on abstract reactionary
imperfection theory
Abandoning tradition = dangerous Traditional conservatism:
One nation conservatism: Edmund Burke – empiricism: “politics ought
Michael Oakeshott: human nature is “fragile and fallible” Traditional conservatism: scepticism of the to be adjusted not to human reasoning, but
Politics of Faith: rationalism is beyond the ability of humans abstract, promotes tradition to human nature”
Politics of Scepticism: rationalism and its doctrines are flawed Change to conserve
One Nation: supports traditional
New Right: institutions One nation conservatism:
Ayn Rand – atomistic individualism – autonomous individuals seek rationalised Michael Oakeshott – ‘On Being Conservative’
self-fulfilment New right: challenges hierarchy and the importance of pragmatism as a core of
Atlas Shrugged tradition the conservative ideology
Robert Nozick: egotistical individualism
New Right:
Robert Nozick: rejects empiricism
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