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Summary Ecologism key thinkers
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all the key thinkers of ecologism - key thinkers should be the basis of your argument
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ALDO LEOPOLD (DEEP GREEN) - the 'Land Ethic' Land Ethic: humans should accept that the land E.F. SCHUMACHER (DEEP GREEN) - Buddhist
RACHEL CARSON (SHALLOW GREEN) - Silent Spring
(influenced the environmental movement in the US does not belong to them. There should be economics
that has now become and international movement) biocentric equality where all beings and the Attacks traditional economics
and Scientist (DDT - banned in 1969) community have equal value. Biodiversity is 'small is beautiful' (title of book) -
Reformation of capitalism - 'gods of profit and therefore essential to conserve endangered obsession with GDP is bad for the
production' - sardonic species and their habitats. environment, should focus on quality of
She is NOT arguing against capitalism as a 'Wilderness' landscapes free from human life
whole - not deep green as it isn't a massive interference must be preserved in their natural A balance that realises that material gain
societal change state - Ecocentric. is fleeting
State intervention - business/capitalism needs National park - as opposed to a nature preserve - Radically change how economics works -
to be regulated to value ecologism (DDT and south downs (has businesses on it). Gila less about selling loads, valuing more
things that harm the environment) Wilderness, New Mexico. our holistic wellbeing
CFCs also now banned - enough countries Eco NOT ego Schumacher envisaged small, self-
have banned, so companies thought it sufficient communities and small-scale
uneconomical to supply products with CFCs. organisations with an economy based on
She is not saying don't buy fridges (deep strong sustainability.
green), she is saying don't by harmful fridges.
Enlightened anthropocentrism
ECOLOGISM: KEY Economy shouldn't be based on
production and consumption, only on
Anthropocentric consumerism and THINKERS wellbeing
industrialism
MURRAY BOOKCHIN (ANARCHO-COMMUNIST) - social CAROLYN MERCHANT (ECO-FEMENISM) - social ecology
Links to domination of nature with the patriarchy, man's with to dominate women
ecology
Social structures existing are innately exploitative Only by patriarchy being overthrown, facilitating an egalitarian relationship between
An environmental crisis emerges from existing men and women, can a new environmental consciousness be created.
Merchant blames the enlightenment ideas of Francis Bacon, Renes Descartes and
social structures of oppression
Ectopia to replace the traditional capitalism society Isaac Newton for altering human consciousness from a coexistence with nature
- small communities with an egalitarian ethos paradigm to a domination of nature paradigm.
Live in peace with nature, do not try and dominate Merchant - critical of male enlightenment who have subverted the concept of mother
it nature and remodelled environmental consciousness such that science was perceived
Anarcho-communist would establish a new as superior to nature and subservient to the domination of man, which when coupled
environmental ethics, abolishing private property with the demands of capitalism has led to ecological devastation.
The idea of being unaware to it is the issue
and redistributing wealth according to need.
The death of nature - she equates the triumph of science over nature as akin to death
Society would no longer be about industrialism's
Nature's resources are exploited to facilitate capitalism, its resources are plundered,
unsustainable pursuit of economic growth; rather,
society would become non-capitalist. and women are trapped by patriarchy and forced to breed the next generation of
workers.
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