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Pathfinder- HLZs Questions with correct Answers
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Exam of 26 pages for the course Pathfinder at Pathfinder (Pathfinder- HLZs)
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Pathfinder- HLZsPathfinder Operations – answer FM 3-21.38
Airborne and Air Assault Operations – answer FM 3-99 (ATTP 3-18.12)
FM 3-21.38 - answer Pathfinder Operations
FM 3-99 (ATTP 3-18.12) - answer Airborne and Air Assault Operations
What are tactical considerations of HLZs? - answer The considerations that pertain to
the actual mission of the unit being moved. These considerations are the responsibility
of the Ground Unit Commander (GUC)
What are the technical consideration of HLZs? - answer The considerations that pertain
to the technical aspect of the selection and operation of a day or night HLS
What are the 7 selection factors for HLZs? - answer1. Size of HLP/TDP
-The four factors considering the size:
- Size/ type of A/C
- Pilot/ unit proficiency
- Whether the operation will take place during the day or at night
- Atmospheric conditions
2. Landing formations
3. Surface conditions
4. Obstacles
5. Approach and departure routes
6. Atmospheric conditions
7. Type of load
What is the size of the size 1 TDP? - answer25m
What is the size of the size 2 TDP? - answer35m
What is the size of the size 3 TDP? - answer50m
What is the size of the size 4 TDP? - answer80m
What is the size of the size 5 TDP? - answer100m
What is the size of the size 6 TDP? - answer125m
,What is the size of the size 7 TDP? - answer150m
What helicopters fall under the size 1 TDP? - answerOH-6, OH-58, AH-6, UH-72A
(small army A/C)
What helicopters fall under the size 2 TDP? - answerAH-1W/Z, UH-1Y/N (small marine
A/C)
What helicopters fall under the size 3 TDP? - answerAH-64, UH-60A/L/M, SH-60 (mid
sized A/C)
What helicopters fall under the size 4 TDP? - answerAll CH A/C, to include MV/CV-22B
(Osprey)
What helicopters fall under the size 5 TDP? - answerAll sling load A/C during daytime,
all A/C of unknown origin, A/C using land safe
What helicopters fall under the size 6 TDP? - answerAll sling load A/C using long lines
What helicopters fall under the size 7 TDP? - answerAll sling load A/C at night, all sling
load A/C using land safe
What are the nine standard A/C formations and what is the most secure? - answerTrail,
staggered trail left, staggered trail right, echelon left, echelon right, heavy left, heavy
right, diamond (most secure), vee
What is the distance between A/C in flight during day and night operations? -
answerDay: 2-3 rotor discs, Night: 3-5 rotor discs
What must the surface of an HLZ be? What must it allow? What must happen if the HLZ
surface does not meet these requirements? - answerMust be a hard surface. Must allow
a fully loaded helicopter to land, restart, and leave again without sinking into the ground.
If the surface does not meet these conditions, an advisory must be given and the A/C
must terminate at a hover or touch down while under power.
What is clearing the ground level? - answerWhat a pathfinder clears the entire
touchdown point of any loose material or debris that the rotors could stir up and possibly
injure personnel or damage the aircraft.
What are obstacles? - answerAnything that is 18" high, wide or deep.
What is the "4 r's" that must happen to obstacles at a landing point? - answerRemove
Reduce
Red (mark in red)
Radio (advise pilot)
, Can ground slope be considered an obstacle? - answerYes
What are the 4 ground slope restrictions? - answer-All A/C can land where ground slope
measures 007 degrees or less and no advisory required
- When the slope exceeds 007 degrees, OH and UH A/C that utilize skids for landing
must terminate at hover.
-When the slope measures between 007 and 015 degrees, large UH and CH A/C that
utilize wheels for landing are issued and advisory, and they will land upslope.
-If the slope exceeds 015 degrees, all A/C must terminate at a hover
Should A/C land on an upslope or downslope? - answerupslope
How do you find the vertical distance? - answerHigh Elevation (HE) - Low Elevation
(LE) = the Vertical Distance (VD)
How do you find the slope? - answer(Vertical distance (VD) X 57.3) / Horizontal
Distance (HD)= Slope (rounded up to nearest whole number) in degrees
To convert feet to meters what is used? - answerfeet to meters= feet / 3.28
meters to feet= meters X 3.28
Where are the ideal approach and departures routes of the HLS and where should the
land heading be? - answerOn the long axis of the HLS over the lowest obstacle and into
the wind
What is the standard obstacle buffer of an HLS? - answer10:1 ratio or a 100m buffer
minimum on the arrival and departure routes. 10m on either side.
What is the reduced obstacle ratio? - answer5:1 ratio or minimum 50m
Who can give the authority to use a reduced obstacle ratio when calculating HLS size? -
answerThe GUC
Where should you always attempt to land in relation to the wind? - answerAlways
attempt to land A/C facing into the wind
What is considered a headwind in relation to the land heading? - answerA wind
direction of 045 degrees to the left or right of the land heading
When MUST the pilot land into the wind? - answerWhen the wind has a speed greater
than 9 knts
When can the pilot land facing in a preferred direction in relation to wind speed? -
answerWhen the tailwind is 0-5 knts and the crosswind is 0-9 knts
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