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bios 252 exam 1 questions and answers by A-plus material
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bios 252 exam 1 questionsand answers by A-plus
material
skeletal muscle - answer ✅✅- long, thin, cylindrical in shape
- multinucleated
- attached to bone & skin
- voluntary
- striated
cardiac muscle - answer ✅✅- short, fat, branched
- uninucleated
- in heart
- attached to intercalated discs
- involuntary
- striated
smooth muscle - answer ✅✅- in hollow organs
- ininucleated
- involuntary
- lack striations
excitability - answer ✅✅responsiveness to chemical signals, stretch, and electrical
changes across the plasma membrane
conductivity - answer ✅✅local electrical excitation sets off a wave of excitation that
travels along the muscle fiber
contractility - answer ✅✅shortens when stim
extensibility - answer ✅✅capable of being stretched b/w contractions
elasticity - answer ✅✅returns to its original rest length after being stretched
, organization of skeletal muscle - answer ✅✅microfilaments, myofibril, muscle fiber,
muscle fascicle, and skeletal muscle
endomysium - answer ✅✅thin sleeve of loose CT around each fiber
perimysium - answer ✅✅thicker layer of CT that wraps fascicles
fascicles - answer ✅✅bundles of muscle fibers wrapped together
epimysium - answer ✅✅fibrous sheath surrounding entire muscle
what are the components of the sarcomere - answer ✅✅z disc, m line, a band, i band,
zone of overlap, thick filament, thin filament, zone of overlap, sarcomere
z disc - answer ✅✅narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense materials that separate on
sarcomere from the next
a band - answer ✅✅dark, middle part of sarcomere that extends entire length of thick
filaments & includes those part of thin filaments that overlap thick filament s
i band - answer ✅✅lighter, less dense area of sarcomere that contains remainder of
thin filaments but no thick filaments
* z disc passes thru center of each I band
h zone - answer ✅✅narrow region in center of each a band that contains thick
filaments but no thin filaments
m line - answer ✅✅region in center of h zone that contains proteins that hold thick
filament together at center of sarcomere
fibrous (F) actin - answer ✅✅2 intertwined strands
- string of globular (G) actin subunits each w/ active site that can bind head of myosin
molecule
troponin molecule - answer ✅✅small, Ca2+- binding protein on each tropomyosin
molecule
1st step of sliding filament theory - answer ✅✅myosin pulls on actin, causing thin
filament to slide inward
* ratchet along filaments
2nd step of sliding filament theory - answer ✅✅z discs move towards each other, &
sarcomere shortens
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