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HOSA Biomedical Debate 2024 Exam Questions and Answers
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HOSA Biomedical Debate 2024 Exam Questions and Answers
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HOSA Biomedical Debate 2024 ExamQuestions and Answers
When, where, and how did the first inoculation occur? - Answer -200 BCE - 1000 AD in
China and India, matter from smallpox sores was scratched into a healthy person's arm.
What is variolation and how was it performed? - Answer -The deliberate infecting of
smallpox to a healthy person to cause a mild infection that would result in immunity,
pustule contents was injected into a healthy person's arm, or dried scabs are ground up
and blown into the nose of a healthy person.
What was cowpox inoculation? - Answer -Contents were taken from pustules on cows
(cowpox) and injected into humans.
When was the first vaccine requirement in American history and why was it
implemented? - Answer -George Washington ordered the mandatory inoculation for
soldiers in the Continental Army (American Revolution) for smallpox if they had not
previously been infected.
Who was Edward Jenner? - Answer -A surgeon who observed cowpox could provide
immunity for smallpox.
How did Edward Jenner test smallpox inoculation? - Answer -He injected matter from a
cowpox pustule into an eight year old boy which caused a mild infection. Months later,
Jenner injected human smallpox matter into the boy, and it did not affect him.
By who, how, and why was the term variolation changed to vaccination? - Answer -
Edward Jenner took to word "vacca" (Latin for cow, referring to cowpox)
When was the National Vaccine Agency established? - Answer -1813 by the "Act to
Encourage Vaccination"
When and where were vaccines first mandated for children? - Answer -In 1853 Britain
required infants to receive a smallpox vaccine in the first 3 months of their life.
Who was Jon Snow and what did he find? - Answer -Jon Snow studied a cholera
epidemic in London in the 1845. He discovered the outbreak originated from a
contaminated water pump handle used by the city. He created a map of the disease
developed contact tracing.
, What is spontaneous generation and who disproved it? - Answer -Spontaneous
generation was the theory that microorganisms randomly spawned. Louis Pasteur
conducted an experiment which disproved this in 1860.
How were smallpox vaccines mass produced in the US? - Answer -A farm in New
Jersey injected calves with cowpox then the lymph was harvested from them
When was the first anti-vaccination group established? - Answer -The Anti-Vaccination
League of America established in 1879argued that smallpox was spread through filth
instead of contagions.
What is attenuation? - Answer -The process of damaging or weakening a pathogen so it
can cause an immune response without causing infection.
What was the Jacobson v. Massachusetts Supreme Court case? - Answer -The
Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of smallpox vaccine mandates to protect
public health.
Who was "Typhoid Mary" - Answer -An American woman, Mary Mallon, who was
immune to typhoid and spread it to many people after working as a cook.
By who, when, and how was the Polio Vaccine developed? - Answer -Jonas Salk
developed the Polio vaccine by killing the virus and attenuating it in 1953. He injected
himself and his family first.
Who developed bifurcated needles and what do they do? - Answer -Benjamin Ruben
developed the bifurcated needle which required 1/4th the amount of vaccine, and it was
more effective.
What are combination vaccines? - Answer -Vaccines that reduce the need for several
injections and are more cost efficient. EX: measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine
developed in 1971.
Who is Maurice Hillman? - Answer -Maurice Hilleman develop over 40 vaccines
What are the symptoms of COVID-19? - Answer -Fever or chills
Cough
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Fatigue
Muscle or body aches
Headache
New loss of taste or smell
Sore throat
Congestion or runny nose
Nausea or vomiting
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