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Hosa Biomedical Debate Exam Questions and Answers
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Hosa Biomedical Debate Exam Questions and Answers
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Hosa Biomedical Debate ExamQuestions and Answers
Coincidental event - Answer -An AEFI that is caused by something other than the
vaccine product, immunization error or immunization anxiety.
Ex: A fever occurs at the time of the vaccination (temporal association) but is in fact
caused by Malaria. Coincidental events reflect the natural occurrence of health
problems in the community with common problems being frequently reported.
An AEFI will be considered serious, if it: - Answer -results in death, is life-threatening,
requires in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in
persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or
requires intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage. It is important to
note that 'serious' and 'severe' are often used as interchangeable terms but they are
not.
A vaccine reaction - Answer -an individual's response to the inherent properties of the
vaccine, even when the vaccine has been prepared, handled and administered
correctly.
Minor Reaction - Answer -usually occur within a few hours of injection. Resolve after
short period of time and pose little danger.
Local Minor Reaction - Answer -includes pain, swelling or redness at the site of
injection.
Systemic Minor Reaction - Answer -includes fever, malaise, muscle pain, headache or
loss of appetite.
Severe Reaction - Answer -usually do not result in long-term problems. Can be
disabling. Are rarely life threatening. Include seizures and allergic reactions caused by
the body's reaction to a particular component in a vaccine. Severe reactions is a term
including serious reactions but also including other severe reactions.
How does a vaccination induce immunity? - Answer -by causing the recipient's immune
system to react to antigens contained in the vaccine. Local and systemic reactions such
as pain or fever can occur as part of the immune response. In addition, other vaccine
components (e.g. adjuvants, stabilizers, and preservatives) can trigger reactions.
What does a successful vaccine do? - Answer -keeps even minor reactions to a
minimum while producing the best possible immune response."
, what do severe vaccine reactions include? - Answer -seizures, thrombocytopenia,
hypotonic hyporesponsive episodes (HHE), and prolonged crying, which all need to be
reported. Most severe vaccine reactions do not lead to long-term problems.
Anaphylaxis, while potentially fatal, is treatable without leaving any long-term effects.
What do immunization errors result from? - Answer -errors in vaccine preparation,
handling, storage or administration. They are preventable and detract from the overall
benefit of the immunization programme. The identification and correction of these
incorrect immunization practices are of great importance.
Individuals can react in anticipation to and as a result of an injection of any kind. These
reactions are not related to the vaccine, but to fear of the injection. What are the four
reactions you may encounter? - Answer -fainting, hyperventilation, vomiting, and
convulsions.
When do coincidental events occur? - Answer -after a vaccination has been given, but
they are not caused by the vaccine or its administration. Vaccinations are normally
scheduled in infancy and early childhood, when illnesses are common and congenital or
early neurological conditions become apparent. Coincidental events are inevitable when
vaccinating children in these age groups, especially during a mass campaign.
Immediate investigation of a severe adverse event attributed to a vaccine, but not
causally related to it, is critical in order to: (1) (2) - Answer -(1) respond to a community's
concern about vaccine safety (2) maintain public confidence in immunization.
Common safety issues in vaccination campaigns - Answer -It involves administration of
vaccine doses to a large population over a short period of time. As a result, adverse
events may be more noticeable to staff and to the public.
Factors in Calculating AEFI's - Answer --Vaccines (different companies produce the
same vaccine with different compositions)
-Age (Same vaccinations to different age groups can cause different reactions)
-Vaccine Doses (primary dose vs booster dose)
-Case Definitions (research studies that do not stick to the same definitions)
-Surveillance Methods (how data is collected might change)
-Background Rate (statistics that already exist)
What are common results of mass vaccination campaigns? - Answer -an increase in
immunization errors because of staff inexperience in vaccinating a wider age group, and
the spread of unfounded rumours that may damage the campaign.
Drug Pharmacovigilance Definition - Answer -the practice of detecting, assessing,
understanding, responding and preventing adverse drug reactions, including reactions
to vaccines. It is now an integral part of the regulation of drug and vaccine safety.
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