SOC 122 Final exam dictionary 200+ questions with all correct answers
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Course
SOC 122
Institution
SOC 122
SOC 122 Final exam dictionary 200+ questions with all correct answers/SOC 122 Final exam dictionary 200+ questions with all correct answers/SOC 122 Final exam dictionary 200+ questions with all correct answers
SOC 122 Final exam dictionary
achieved status - correct answer Social status based on an individual's effort,
rather than traits assigned by biological factors. Examples of achieved status
include 'veteran', 'graduate' or 'doctor'.
Affirmative Action - correct answer Action favouring those who tend to suffer
from discrimination
Ageing - correct answer The combination of biological, psychological and social
processes that affect people
as they grow older.
Ageism - correct answer Discrimination or prejudice against a person on the
grounds of age.
Agencies of socialization - correct answer Groups or social contexts within which
processes of socialization take place. The family, peer groups, schools, the media
and the workplace are all arenas in which cultural learning occurs.
Agrarian societies - correct answer Societies whose means of subsistence is
based on agricultural production (crop-growing).
Alienation - correct answer The sense that our own abilities, as human beings,
are taken over by other entities.
Animism - correct answer The belief that events in the world are mobilized by
the activities of spirits.
Anomie - correct answer A lack of social norms. The concept was used by
Durkheim to describe feelings of aimlessness and despair provoked by the rapid
social change in the modern world which results in social norms losing their hold.
Applied social research - correct answer Research which aims not just to
understand a social problem, but also to make a contribution to solving it. Much
criminological research, for example, is applied research, aiming to reduce levels
of crime. Applied social research is a feature of all social science disciplines and
often demands the involvement of multi-disciplinary teams.
Ascribed status - correct answer Social status based on biological factors, such as
race, sex or age.
,SOC 122 Final exam dictionary
Assimilation - correct answer The acceptance of a minority group by a majority
population, in which the group
takes on the values and norms of the dominant culture.
Automation - correct answer Production processes monitored and controlled by
machines with only minimal supervision from people.
Back region - correct answer An area away from 'front region' performances,
characterized by Erving
Goffman, where individuals are able to relax and behave in an informal way.
Biodiversity - correct answer The diversity of species of life forms on planet
Earth.
Biographical research - correct answer Research that takes individual lives or life
histories as its main focus of interest.
Biographical methods - correct answer Involve oral histories, life stories,
autobiographies, biographies and more.
Bisexual - correct answer An orientation of sexual activities or feelings towards
other people of either sex.
Black feminism - correct answer A strand of feminist thought which highlights the
multiple disadvantages of gender, class and race that shape the experiences of
non-white women. Black feminists reject the idea of a single unified gender
oppression that is experienced evenly by all women, and argue that early feminist
analysis reflected the specific concerns of white, middle-class women.
Bureaucracy - correct answer An organization of a hierarchical sort, which takes
the form of a pyramid of authority. The term 'bureaucracy' was popularized by
Max Weber. According to Weber, bureaucracy is the most efficient type of large-
scale human organization. As organizations grow in size, Weber argued, they
inevitably tend to become more and more bureaucratized.
Capital punishment - correct answer The state-sanctioned execution of a person
who has been convicted of crime that is punishable by death. Capital punishment
is commonly known as the 'death penalty'.
, SOC 122 Final exam dictionary
Capitalism - correct answer A system of economic enterprise based on market
exchange. 'Capital' refers to any asset, including money, property and machines,
which can be used to produce commodities for sale or invested in a market with
the hope of achieving a profit.
Capitalists - correct answer Those who own companies, land or stocks and
shares, using these to generate economic returns.
Caste - correct answer A form of stratification in which an individual's social
position is fixed at birth and cannot be changed. There is virtually no
intermarriage between the members of different caste groups. Causal
relationship A relationship in which one state of affairs (the effect) is brought
about by another (the cause).
Causation - correct answer The causal influence of one factor on another. Causal
factors in sociology include the reasons individuals give for what they do, as well
as external influences on their behaviour.
Church - correct answer A large body of people belonging to an established
religious organization. Churches normally have a formal structure, with a
hierarchy of religious officials, and {he term is also used for the building where
their religious ceremonials are held.
Class consciousness - correct answer Marx's term for the recognition by workers
of their unity as a social class in opposition to capitalists and to capitalism itself
Class system - correct answer A system of social stratification based on individual
achievement
Collective behaviour - correct answer Activities of people and social groups that
normally emerge spontaneously (such as crowds, riots and so on) rather than
arising from processes of socialisation leading to conformity to social rules and
norms.
Comparative research - correct answer Research that compares one set of
findings on one society with the same type of findings on other societies.
Conflict theories - correct answer A sociological perspective that focuses on the
tensions, divisions and competing interests present in human societies. Conflict
theorists believe that the scarcity and value of resources in society produces
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