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Exam ( soved) Anatomy and physiology
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Cell cycle exam test with solutions
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Anatomy and physiology
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What term is used to describe the movement of dissolved particles along (or down) their concentration gradient?
Answer: diffusion
2.
What is the major component of the plasma membrane of a cell?
Answer: phospholipid
3.
What is the tissue that covers the body surface and lines internal tubes called?
Answer: epithelial tissue
4.
What is the major function of lysosomes? They:
Answer: digest unwanted particles within the cell
5.
The cells that are found in tendons are called:
Answer: fi broblasts
Content preview
Questions andAnswers in Basic
Anatomy and
Physiology
Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis)
1. The term “chromatin” would be used in reference to which of the following?
A. genetic substance
B. cellular energy
C. membrane support
D. nuclear membrane
Answer is A: Chromatin is DNA & the associated proteins so pertains to genetic
material.
2. In protein synthesis, where dose translation occur? In the:
A. cytoplasm between ribosomes, tRNA and mRNA
B. nucleus between ribosomes, tRNA and mRNA
C. nucleus between DNA and mRNA
D. cytoplasm between DNA and mRNA
Answer is A: translation occurs in the cytoplasm (transcription occurs in the
nucleus). DNA does not exist in the cytoplasm.
3. If the DNA strand sequence of bases is CTT AGA CTA ATA, what would the
tRNA read?
A. GAA TCT GAT TAT
B. CUU AGA CUA AUA
C. GAA UCU GAU UAU
D. GUU ACA GUA AUA
Answer is C: guanine (G) must be matched to cytosine (C) and vice versa.
Adenine (A) must match with thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) replaces thy-
mine, while both bind to adenine. Hence U must be matched to A.
4. Which one of the following statements best describes DNA?
A. single stranded, deoxyribonucleic acid
B. single stranded, ribonucleic acid
C. double stranded, deoxyribonucleic acid
D. double stranded, ribonucleic acid
Answer is C: DNA is double stranded, while the “D” refers to “deoxy-”.
5. In which phase of mitosis would chromosomes line up at the centre of the
spindle:
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. prophase
D. metaphase
Answer is D: Remember the metaphase plate occupies the middle of the cell.
, 6. In a cell cycle which phase takes the longest time to complete:
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. prophase
D. telophase
Answer is B: interphase is the time when the cell is performing its normal func-
tion and not dividing.
7. What is the purpose of meiosis? To produce:
A. DNA
B. somatic cells
C. diploid cells
D. haploid cells
Answer is D: meiosis produces sperm or egg so these must have half the com-
plement of chromosomes (be haploid) to allow for the full complement to be
present (and not more!) when sperm combines with egg.
8. What results from the events that occur during metaphase of mitosis?
A. The nuclear membranes form around two nuclei.
B. The chromosomes are aligned on a plane in the centre of the cell.
C. The chromosomes become visible and attach to the spindle fi bres.
D. The chromatids from each chromosome separate and move to opposite
sides of the cell.
Answer is B: during metaphase, chromosomes are arranged on a plane (the
metaphase plate) in the middle of the cell, attached to microtubules of the
spindle.
9. What is the name of the process of division of a somatic cell’s nucleus into two
daughter nuclei?
A. prophase
B. cytokinesis
C. mitosis
D. meiosis
Answer is C: mitosis involves somatic cells. Meiosis refers to the production of
the sex cells.
10. In a strand of DNA, what is the combination of deoxyribose and phosphate and
base known as?
A. A ribosome
B. A chromatid
C. A codon
D. A nucleotide
Answer is D: three nucleotides form a codon and many codons form a
chromatid.
11. What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
A. spindle fi bres pull each chromatid to opposite sides of the cell
B. the sense and non-sense strands “unzip” along their hydrogen bonds
C. RNA polymerase forms a complementary strand by reading the sense strand
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