principles of caring for hospitalized children - ANSWER -1. prevent or
minimize separation from parents: family-centered care
2. minimize loss of control
3. minimize fear of bodily injury
4. facilitate play and creativity
5. praise efforts, acknowledge difficulties
ways to minimize the loss of control experienced by hospitalized
children - ANSWER -1. promote freedom of movement
2. maintain routine
3. encourage independence (feeding themselves, taking meds on their
own, choosing their own meals)
how to minimize fear of bodily injury in hospitalized children -
ANSWER -focus teaching on what they will feel, that the interventions
are to help them, and what their jobs are
trying to explain the purpose of the intervention isn't necessarily
helpful to children because they don't understand. it is more
beneficial to just tell them that the purpose is to help them feel better
,teaching, bandaids, and treatment rooms are all helpful because it
helps them to know when the "scary thing" is over
tips for communicating with children - ANSWER -1. allow children
time to observe you and build trust. talk to the parents or
communicate through "transition objects" first
2. position yourself at eye level, but allow child personal space 3.
choose simple, clear words that are developmentally
wellunderstood; avoid euphemisms and medical jargon
4. offer choices, but only when a choice exists: "do you want apple or
grape juice with your medicine" instead of "do you want to take
your medicine"
5. use developmentally appropriate teaching strategies: play, books,
videos
6. allow time to ask questions, especially for older children
7. address adolescents and allow them to participate in discussion;
allow time for them to speak without parents present if needed;
validate feelings and concerns, but avoid "taking sides" between
adolescents and parents because both sides are our patients!
developmental care of hospitalized children - ANSWER -1. consider
developmental tasks of the child and how you can facilitate these as a
caregiver
2. respond to infant needs quickly and empathetically
3. show interest in a school-age child's hobbies and interests and
praise their work
,4. during periods of stress, children may show developmental
regression
what is developmental regression - ANSWER -returning to patterns of
behavior from a previous stage of development
how to handle developmental regression in hospitalized children -
ANSWER -1. do not shame children for this or encourage them to be a
big boy or girl or act their age
2. continue to support these developmental needs to help the child
feel safe
3. the developmental regression is a defense mechanism for them.
we need to make them feel safe and meet their needs
is meeting a single milestone late considered atypical development -
ANSWER -no! most children will lag in one area.
consistent patterns of development that diverge from typical
milestones should be evaluated from medical, psychological, or
neurodevelopmental origins
criteria for autism spectrum disorder - ANSWER -1. differences with
social communication/interaction
2. unusually restricted, repetitive behavior, interests, or activities
the behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder is the result of
what - ANSWER -atypical cognitive, social, and emotional processing
, prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in the US - ANSWER -1 in 68
children in the US. diagnosed more in boys
why is autism spectrum disorder diagnosed more in boys - ANSWER
possibly due to different presentations of gendered socialized
behavior
cause of autism spectrum disorder - ANSWER -unknown. research is
ongoing but a genetic link is strongly suspected
autism is a --- not a --- - ANSWER -autism is a spectrum, not a scale
why are labels such as "mild" "severe" or "high-functioning"
discouraged with autism - ANSWER -they oversimplify the spectrum
of differences and focus only on how the person with autism presents
or "performs" in a typically-oriented setting
how is autism spectrum disorder diagnosed - ANSWER -based on
behavioral patterns in comparison to typical developmental
milestones
differences in communication and social interactions in children with
autism spectrum disorder - ANSWER -1. may be non-verbal or have
limited language
2. may not attempt to gesture to communicate
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