Exam (elaborations)
Final Stat SLCC Questions with Solutions 2024
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Exam of 14 pages for the course SLCC at SLCC (Final Stat SLCC)
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Final Stat SLCCInferential - answer Draws a conclusion from a sample
Based on my survey of 100 customers' income level, what can I conclude about all my
customers' average income level? (Estimation)
54% of the 200 consumers surveyed said that my brand is better. Can I claim that a
majority of all consumers prefer my brand? (Hypothesis testing)
selection bias - answer is the systematic tendency to include or exclude a certain type
of unit/subject.
To determine people's attitudes toward hockey, you sample 50 people coming out of the
Maverik Center after a hockey game.
Nonresponse bias - answer Call-in surveys
Only people with strong opinions respond
Observer bias - answercan occur when judgement is required in the measurement
process.
A researcher has to rate, on a scale from 1-10, how excited a consumer is about a new
product.
Interviewer bias - answeris the distortion caused by the wording of the question or the
behavior of the interviewer.
Survey results are extremely sensitive to:
Wording differences
Leading remarks
Order of choices
"Don't know" option
Demographics of interview vs interviewee
Lack of internal validity - answerGroup A tests your product version 1;
Group B tests your product version 2;
Group A gives higher ratings so you conclude product version 1 is better.
Measurement error - answerfor example, using an inaccurate scale
Lack of external validity - answer, if conclusions are extended beyond the original
population without supporting evidence
Data accuracy - answerif you are using data provided by a third party
, population - answerThe population of a study is the complete set of people or things
being studied.
frame - answerWithin Population: A frame is the actual list of people/things from which a
sample will be drawn.]
population parameter - answerA population parameter is a characteristic of the
population that a statistical study is designed to estimate.
sample - answerA sample is the subset of the population from which data are actually
obtained.
sample statistic - answerA sample statistic is a characteristic of the sample found using
the raw data.
It is known from city birth records that 7% of the population of Salt Lake City has 0-
blood.
You sample 100 Salt Lake City residents, and find that 9 of them have 0- blood.
What is the population? - answerAll Salt Lake City residents
It is known from city birth records that 7% of the population of Salt Lake City has 0-
blood.
You sample 100 Salt Lake City residents, and find that 9 of them have 0- blood.
What is the population parameter? - answer7%
It is known from city birth records that 7% of the population of Salt Lake City has 0-
blood.
You sample 100 Salt Lake City residents, and find that 9 of them have 0- blood.
What is the sample? - answer100 Salt Lake City residents
It is known from city birth records that 7% of the population of Salt Lake City has 0-
blood.
You sample 100 Salt Lake City residents, and find that 9 of them have 0- blood.
What is the sample statistic? - answer9% (or 9 out of 100)
It is known from city birth records that 7% of the population of Salt Lake City has 0-
blood.
You sample 100 Salt Lake City residents, and find that 9 of them have 0- blood.
How could your sample be 9% O- if the population is 7% O-? - answerThis is called
sampling error.
convenience sample - answerA convenience sample consists of the members of the
population that are the easiest to access.
simple random sample - answerWith a simple random sample, every possible sample of
a particular size has an equal chance of being selected.
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