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Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Review Exam Guide Test. What is hypermetropia? - CORRECT ANSWER long sitedness, whereby light ray convergence at a point after the retina, and therfore out of focus. Nearby objects apphear blurry while distant objects are clearer - CORRECT ANSWER what ...

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  • August 7, 2024
  • 75
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nursing
  • medical surgical nursing practice review exam guid

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Medical Surgical Nursing Practice
Review Exam Guide Test.

What is hypermetropia? - CORRECT ANSWER long sitedness, whereby light ray convergence at a point
after the retina, and therfore out of focus. Nearby objects apphear blurry while distant objects are
clearer



- CORRECT ANSWER



what is myopia? - CORRECT ANSWER near/short sightedness, close is clear, far is blurry



-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully grown. also in very young children.



conditions associated with myopia? - CORRECT ANSWER squint- childhood eyes point in diff. directions.

lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly

glaucoma - IOC pressure.

cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.

Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the blood vessel that nourish it



What is astigmatism? - CORRECT ANSWER Failure to converge image at one point on the fovea (likea
refraction rather than focusing)



Causes of astigmatism? - CORRECT ANSWER -Hereditary - corneal or lenticular

-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the cornea

keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and shape change.

Some conditions of the eyelid

others that affect cornea or lense

,What is presbyopia? - CORRECT ANSWER gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby objects. It's
a natural part of aging 40-65yrs



Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis? - CORRECT ANSWER S.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu

also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae



what is opthalmia neonatorum? - CORRECT ANSWER chlamydia or gonorrheae infection from infected
birth canal affecting 20-40%



What is Episcleritis ? - CORRECT ANSWER Inflamationof localiased superficial episclera vascular network,
most commonly diffuse (moderate to sever inflam @1-3 month intervals)

-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with associated systemic disease)



What are the classification of Allergic conjunctivitis? - CORRECT ANSWER type 1 hypersensitivity -
seasonal (SAC)

perrenial - chronic (PAC)

Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma

gaint pappilary (GPC)

Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)



What is gaint pappilary Allergica conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWER inner lining of the eyelid swells and
develops small bumps. Known as papillae, these bumps tend to form after chronic irritation



what can cause a corneal abbration? - CORRECT ANSWER Direct trauma

Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva

Heat by contact

UV radiation (Arc Eye)



What can cause corneal ulcer? - CORRECT ANSWER can be secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating
injuries or prolonged use of contact lenses

,What are dendritic ulcers? - CORRECT ANSWER Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most frequent
cause of corneal blindness.

- aggressive treatment -



Symptoms of Dendritic ulcers? - CORRECT ANSWER Pain

Photophobia

Blurred vision

Tearing

Redness

- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching pattern,



Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy? - CORRECT ANSWER - infectious epithelial keratitis
(with characteristic dendritic ulcers)

-neurotrophic keratopathy

-stromal keratitis endotheliitis (classified as disciform, diffuse, or linear)



what are the symptoms of keratic precipitates and anterior uveitis - CORRECT ANSWER Pain, generally
developing over a few hours or days except in cases of trauma:

Redness

Photophobia

Blurred vision

Increased lacrimation



Chronic anterior uveitis presents primarily as blurred vision and mild redness.

pain & photophobia normaly only during acute episode.



what are the symptoms of posterior Uveitis? - CORRECT ANSWER Blurred vision and floaters

Absence of symptoms of anterior uveitis (ie, pain, redness, and photophobia)

, All parts of the posterior chamber may be affected, including the retina, choroid and optic nerve. It can
be caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections.



What are the findings of posterior Uveitis upon opthalmoscopy? - CORRECT ANSWER posterior uveitis
Showing candle wax drippings (white areas)



Anterior uventis is linked to which non infectious diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ankyolising spondilitis,

-behcet syndrom (ulcers eye,mouth & genitals),

-IBS,

-Juvenile arthritis, sarcoidosis (Granulomatous disease),

-seronegative arthropathy



Anterior uventis is linked to which infectious diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER HSV, SYphilis, TB & varicella
zoster



Intermediate uventis (Cillary body to retina) is linked to which non-infectious disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER Lymphoma, MS and sarcoidosis



Posterior uventis (Retina, retinavvessels) and Panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid layer) - is linked
which non-infectious diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER Behcets sydrome, lymphoma, sarcoidosis2



Posterior uventis (Retina, retinavvessels) and Panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid layer) - is linked
which infectious diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER CMV, endogenous encephalitis, syphalis. TB and varicella
zoster

Toxicaris & toxoplasmosis



Workup for suspected uveitis? - CORRECT ANSWER CBC, ESR, Antinuclear antibody (ANA),

Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)

Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL)

Lyme titer

HLA testing for ankylosing spondylarthroses

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