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ENVS 2210 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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ENVS 2210 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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ENVS 2210 Questions And Answers Latest UpdateBeekeeping -ANS>art of providing bees a hive and managing them according to
season
Important to learn beekeeping practices over several seasons (experience) and
from literature
applied bee biology
anticipation of colony development and needs
essence of beekeeping -ANS>bee population grows rapidly after seasonal low
point (winter or wet period)
as population expands, there is a strong impulse for the population to naturally
divide by swarming
strong colonies will store a surplus of food reserves during nectar flow
after peak population, colonies decline in size, reaching a low point before next
season begins
good beekeepers recognize major seasonal events and subsequently adjust their
colony care to account for seasonal variation
Father of Modern Beekeeping -ANS>L. L. Langstroth
created a hive w/movable frames
discovered the bee space
Golden Age of Beekeeping -ANS>last half of 1800s
,many practical beekeeping devices invented ex. extractor, movable-frame hive,
smoker, queen excluder
bee space -ANS>bees need a space of at least 9mm b/w combs in order to pass
b/w them
honey bee -ANS>insect of order Hymenoptera (insects w/4 membranous wings)
have 6 legs, segmented body
3 types: queen, worker (female), drone (male)
queen -ANS>lays eggs (only reproductive female in colony)
produces pheromones that help maintain colony cohesion, stimulate food foraging
and regulate colony reproduction
very specialized for these duties, can't survive alone or perform her own feeding
and grooming duties
usually live 2+ years when not stressed by parasites, diseases, and environmental
events
drone -ANS>male bees
bigger than workers, barrel-shaped
large eyes that meet at top of head
develop from unfertilized eggs therefore only carry 1/2 the genetic make-up of
female bees (haploid)
only function is to mate w/virgin queen during spring and summer
,worker bees -ANS>females w/undeveloped reproductive organs and constitute the
majority of the adult population in a bee hive
adapted to perform most of the tasks in a colony
monitor drone #s, expel them from hive as weather cools in autumn
evolutionary origin of bees -ANS>believed to have evolved from a carnivorous
sphecoid wasp ancestor, but switched to a vegetarian (pollen and nectar) diet
oldest fossil records are in northern Europe, over 50 million years old
Apis genus is thought to be from Africa or South Asia
Classification -ANS>Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Superfamily: Apoidea
Family: Apidae
Genus: Apis
Species: Apis mellifera
species of honey bees -ANS>Apis mellifera (most common)
Apis florea (dwarf native of Asia)
Apis dorsata (giant bee from Asia)
, Apis cerana (Asian bee closely related to Apis mellifera)
brood -ANS>first 3 stages of bee life cycle
egg, larva, pupa
stages of bee life cycle -ANS>egg - 3 days for all types
larva - 5.5 days for queen, 6 for worker, 7 for drone
pupa - 7.5 days for queen, 12 for worker, 14 for drone
adult
bee bread -ANS>mix of pollen and nectar fed to workers and drones starting 3
days after they hatch
ecdysone -ANS>hormone that regulates moulting during metamorphosis
produced by prothoracic gland after being stimulated by corpus cardiac
juvenile hormone -ANS>influences cell division and body differentiation during
metamorphosis
secreted by corpus allata (a brain gland)
internal stimuli -ANS>inside the hive
pheromone odours (produced by queen, workers, or larvae)
visual cues (seeing a returning forager perform a dance)
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