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Test Bank for Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology 13th Edition by Cinnamon VanPutte, All Chapters.
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Test Bank for Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology 13th Edition by Cinnamon VanPutte, All Chapters.
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Test Bank for Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology 13thEdition by Cinnamon VanPutte, All Chapters.
Function of the Endocrine System - ANSWER Regulate body activity and
responses to stimuli through the use of hormones
What are the four types of chemical messengers - ANSWER autocrine,
paracrine,
neurotransmitters,
Endocrine
Explain autocrine - ANSWER chemical messenger that stimulate the cell that
originally secreted it. Example: White blood cells, stimulate own reproductions
explain paracrine - ANSWER paracrine chmeical messengers, stimulate those
around them, Exmmple histamine and dvasodialation
Explain Neurotransmitters - ANSWER secreted by neurons that activate adjacent
tcell.
Explain endocrine chemical - ANSWER secreted into the blood stream by certain
glands and cells.
neuropeptide - ANSWER hormones that are released from neurons., aka
neurohormones. example: oxytocin
The Endocrine System operates under the direction of the _____ System -
ANSWER Nervous
Effects of the Endocrine System are ____ than the effects of the Nervous System -
ANSWER slower, nervous is seconds or milliseconds, endocrine can be weeks or
days
What is a chemical produced in one area of an organism that is carried to another
part of the organism - ANSWER Hormone
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine? - ANSWER Exocrine
glands have ducts that carry their secretions to the outside of the body, or into a
hollow organ. Ie: saliva, sweat, breast milk.
What is an amplitude modulated signal - ANSWER Hormones and the response
that they create can be varied by amplitude. A large amount of hormone, creates a
large response.
What is a binding protein and how does it work with hormones? - ANSWER binds
to hormones like a chaperone so that the aqueous solution and enzymes don't
, degrade it. In the case of lipid soluble, the binding protein makes it more soluble.
Hormones only bind to their specific binding protein
When hormones dissociate from their binding proteins they are called - ANSWER
free hormones.
Some hormones are always free because they don't have specific protiens
how does binding affect half life of hormone - ANSWER it lengthens the hormones
half life, acting as a reserve for hormones.
Explain conjunction - ANSWER a process call conjugation, is when certain
enzymes in the liver attach water-soluble molecules to th hormones. Usually sulfate
or Glucuronic acid, its then excreted in bile
Proteins are _____-soluble - ANSWER Water
Amino Acids are _____-soluble - ANSWER Water
Thyroid Hormones (thyroxine) are _____-soluble - ANSWER Lipid
Conversly Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is ______- soluble - ANSWER Water
Steroids are _____-soluble - ANSWER Lipid
Do most water soluble hormones need a binding protein? - ANSWER No, they
dissolve directly into the blood, but most of them quite large so they don't go through
capillary walls easily. To help with this these organs that need the hormone
sometimes have porous or fenestrated walls.
What is the half life of water soluble hormone like? - ANSWER relatively short due
to degradation by enzymes. (proteases)
What is one way that a water soluble hormone can become more stable? -
ANSWER protein and peptide hormones can add a carbohydrate to them, making
them glycoproteins.
What are the three patterns of hormone secretion - ANSWER Chronic (ie, thyroid)
Acute (i.e., epinephrine)
Episodic (ie, menstrual cycle hormones)
____-soluble hormones circulate free in the bloodstream - ANSWER Water
The 2 major mechanisms used by hormones to produce their effects: - ANSWER
Second messenger systems and direct gene activation
The mechanism that uses membrane-bound receptors - ANSWER Second
Messenger Systems
The mechanism that uses intracellular receptors - ANSWER Direct Gene
Activation
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