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Pharm 521 Exam 2_ Cardiac Dysrhythmias (1)
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Pharm 521 Exam 2_ Cardiac Dysrhythmias (1)
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Pharm 521 Exam 2: Cardiac Dysrhythmiasvasoconstrictor, activate sympathetic response, effects postsynaps - ANS-Alpha 1
receptor activation does what?
inhibit release of norepinephrine. effects presynaps - ANS-Alpha 2 receptor activation
does what?
effects the heart and kidneys, increases heart rate, contractility, AV conductivity, and
renin release (which increase BP) - ANS-Beta 1 receptor activation does what?
causes bronchodilation, vasodilation, decreases motility of GI. Parasympathetic
response - ANS-beta 2 receptor activation does what?
adrenergic agonists - ANS-Catecholamines and Non-catecholamines are also
considered what?
oral usability, duration of action, and CNS penetration - ANS-Catecholamines and
Non-catecholamines are dependent on what three factors?
epinephrine (adrenalin), norepinephrine, and dopamine. - ANS-What are the three
catecholamines?
non-catecholamines - ANS-considering oral usability, duration of action, and CNS
penetration, which is better catecholamines or non-catecholamines?
I sodium channel blockers, II Beta Blockers, III potassium channel blockers, IV calcium
channel blockers, and V Cardiac glycosides - ANS-what are the 5 classes of
antidysrhythmics?
slow conduction impulse in atria, ventricles and purkinje fibers. - ANS-what do sodium
channel blockers do as a family?
Depolarizes myocardium and purkinje fibers - ANS-How do sodium channel blockers
affect the cardiac rhythm?
reduce automaticity of SA node, slows conductivity of AV node, and reduces
contractility. - ANS-what do beta blockers do as a family?
, contracts myocardium and purkinje and depolarizes SA and AV nodes - ANS-how do
beta blockers affect the cardiac rhythm?
delay repolarization. Prolong action potential and effective refractory period - ANS-how
do potassium channel blockers work as a family?
repolarize the myocardium and purkinje fibers - ANS-how do potassium channel
blockers affect the cardiac rhythm?
blocks calcium access to the cells reducing automaticity of SA node, slowing
conductivity of AV node, and reducing contractility. - ANS-how do calcium channel
blockers work as a family?
contraction of the myocardium and purkinje fibers. depolarizes the SA and AV nodes -
ANS-how do calcium channel blockers affect the cardiac rhythm?
digoxin (Lanoxin) - ANS-what is an example of a cardiac glycoside?
effect heart failure and abnormal rhythms - ANS-what do cardiac glycosides do?
lidocaine - ANS-what is the prototype drug from sodium channel blockers?
PD: blocks cardiac sodium channel to decrease contractility and automaticity and
increase repolarization.
PK: oral, IV
PT: antidysrythmIc for ventricle (AV node) use only, cardiac emergencies
AE: CNS effects- low serum toxicity causes dizziness, fatigue and drowsiness. High
level toxicity causes nervousness, hallucinations, and blurred vision. Severe toxicity
causes convulsions and respiratory arrest
RN: constantly monitor heart and serum levels for toxicity - ANS-lidocaine: what are the
PD, PK, PT, AE, and RN actions?
first pass mostly deactivates - ANS-what is key to note about oral lidocaine?
topical - ANS-never use what PK form of lidocaine for the heart?
class: antidysrhythmics
family: sodium channel blockers - ANS-what class and family is phenytoin part of?
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