Exam (elaborations)
Lean Six Sigma 2 Questions and Answers
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Exam of 7 pages for the course Lean Six Sigma at Lean Six Sigma (Lean Six Sigma 2)
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Lean Six Sigma 2Average - answer Customer does not understand average
Focus on Average can turn any business red
6 M's and what are they used for. - answer Man
Material
Method
Machine
Measurement
Mother Nature
When you want to know what caused the variation you use these
Variation due to common causes and special causes - answer Common Causes:
- Which can not be easily identified
- Which are present in the process without having an significant impact on the process
- Which are expected
- Even if present, the process remains stable and predictable (within the • They are
Voice of the process USL and LSL)
e.g. traffic lights, amount of traffic
Special Causes:
- Which can be easily identified
- Which are significantly visible in the process
- Which are not expected
- When present, make the process unstable and unpredictable
e.g. car breaks down, accident on freeway, weather
Measure of central tendency - What is it and why is it important - answerWhat is Central
Tendency?
A single figure which depicts the characteristics of the whole set of data.
Why is it important?
It is difficult to grasp large set of numerical data. Large numbers are difficult to analyze
and are confusing. Statistical Process Control revolves around centering the mean and
reducing the variance
, Three ways of measuring the location - answerMean: .Y = (y1 + y2 + y3) / n
Mean enjoys participation from all data points. It is influenced by every data value.
Extreme values influence mean.
Mode: Most frequently occurring data point in a data set
Median: Median is the middle data point of a data set arranged in an ascending /
descending order. The median divides the distribution into TWO EQUAL AREAS
Median does not represent all data points, but represents a central location of the data
array. Hence the median is not biased by extreme values in the data set. Median gives
you better picture when you have HIGH VARIATION
Measure of dispersion - ways of measuring - answer- Mean of Curve 'A' is more
representative of its data set as compared to Curves 'B' & 'C'
- Spread outside the specifications may result in defects; this information is not provided
by mean
- From a process perspective, individual customers are subject to different behaviors of
the process
Ways of measuring = Range, variance and Standard Deviation
Formula for Range - answerRange = Maximum - Minimum Value
Formula for Variance - answerVariance = D^2/(n-1)
breakdown is:
S^2 = ((Y1 - M)^2 + (Y2 - M)^2 + (Yn - M)^2)/ (n - 1)
Y = is point
M = Mean
n = total number of points
Formula for Standard Deviation - answerS = sqrt(s^2)
S^2 is variance
Standard deviation measures the distance between each data point from mean and
takes average
advantages and disadvantages of standard deviation - answerAdvantages:
- Standard Deviation uses all data - not just the extremes
- Can be more reliable indicator than using Range.
Dis-advantages:
- Not the easiest of formulas to use
- Not manual charting friendly
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