What are some environmental causes of cancer? - tobacco use, diet, nutrition, obesity,
alcohol consumption, physical activity, air pollution, ionizing radiation,
What are some genetic factors of cancer - oncogenes and tumor supressor genes,
chromosomal aberrations, cell transformation, and non-targeted effects
What are some interacting factors of cancer? - detoxifying enzymes, DNA repair genes,
immune and inflammation systems, and the cell's immediate environment
What are the three leading causes of cancer deaths in women? - Lung and bronchus
breast
colon and rectum
What are the three leading causes of cancer deaths in men? - Lunch and bronchus
prostate
colon and rectum
What are some characteristics of benign tumors? - uniform shape
grow slowly
well differentiated
NOT invasive
cell division is rare
does not metastasize
-oma
mortal (have apoptosis)
What are characteristics of malignant tumors? - grow rapidly
not encapsulated
invade local structures and tissues
poor differentiation
high mitotic index - many dividing cells
can spread distantly - through blood vessel and lympathic
immortal - lack apoptosis, telomerase repairs telomere and prolongs cell life
No contact inhibition (will pile on top of each other)
anchorage independent - can proliferate when suspended
What are the defining characteristics of cancer - dysregualted growth
metastasis
anaplasia
invasion
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