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WEST COAST EMT FINAL STUDY GUIDE WITH THE LATEST UPDATE
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WEST COAST EMT FINAL STUDY GUIDE WITH THE LATEST UPDATE
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WEST COAST EMT FINAL STUDYGUIDE WITH THE LATEST UPDATE
What makes up the axial skeleton? - correct answer-skull, vertebral column, thoracic
cage
what is the epiglottis? - correct answer-a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the
trachea during swallowing
what is croup? - correct answer-acute VIRAL inflammatory disease of larynx,
primarily w/in the subglottic space
-6 months to 6 years
what is a pulmonary embolism? - correct answer-A condition in which one or more
arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot.
what is an aneurysm? - correct answer-an excessive localized enlargement of an
artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall.
what is a thrombus? - correct answer-stationary blood clot
what is an embolism? - correct answer-A piece of a blood clot that enters the
bloodstream
What is subcutaneous emphysema? - correct answer-a characteristic crackling
sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in the soft
tissue
-may feel like rice crispy treats
what is hemoptysis? - correct answer-Coughing up blood; blood in sputum generally
from the lungs.
what is hematuria? - correct answer-presence of blood in the urine
,What is hematemesis? - correct answer-vomiting blood
What is capnography? - correct answer-A noninvasive technique to alert you to
hypoventilation even when your patient's pulse ox reading are fine. Carbon dioxide is
the most significant factor in monitoring ventilation. Capnography measures the CO2
in every breath to monitor air exchange in the patient's alveoli.
Trendelenburg position - correct answer-A position in which the patient's feet and
legs are higher than the head
What is CPAP? Why is it used? - correct answer-continuous positive airway
pressure; used to deliver pressure to the airways to keep the airway open while the
individual sleeps
small-volume nebulizer - correct answer-a device that uses compressed air or
oxygen to nebulize a liquid medication into a mist that a patient can inhale
How to care for a patient who has been sexually assaulted: - correct answer-Have
female be treated by female EMT
- First component is medical treatment.
- Second is psychologic care of the patient - don't cross-examine patient or attempt
to obtain info
- Don't tamper any evidence. Put evidence in paper bags, not plastic.
types of consent: expressed - correct answer-Patient verbally or otherwise
acknowledges that he/she wants you to provide care or transport. May be nonverbal.
informed consent - you explained the nature of treatment being offered, along with
potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment, as well as consequences of
refusing treatment.
types of consent: implied - correct answer-Legal principle that allows treatment under
circumstances, such as intoxication, mentally impaired, or suffering from certain
conditions such as head injury.
- applies only when a serious medical condition exists and should never be used
unless there is a threat to life or limb
types of consent: involuntary - correct answer-Applies when a person is mentally ill,
developmentally delayed, or who is in a behavioral (psychological) crisis. Someone
makes the decision on their behalf (legally responsible).
types of consent: minors - correct answer-- When a parent cannot be reached to
provide consent, health care providers are allowed to give emergency care to a child.
- If a minor is injured and requires medical treatment in a school or camp setting,
teachers and officials may act in loco parentis, meaning in position of parent.
, emancipated minors: - correct answer-People who, despite being under the legal
age in a given state, can be legally treated as adults based on certain
circumstances, such as being married, members of armed services, or if they are
parents.
Bradycardia - correct answer-A slow heart rate.
-less than 60 beats/min for adults and children (older than 10)
-less than 60 beats/min for preschoolers and school-aged children (2 years to 10
years)
-less than 100 for infants and toddlers (3 months to 2 years)
-less than 85 for infants (up to 3 months)
tachycardia - correct answer-fast heart rate
-greater than 100 bpm for adults and children (older than 10)
-greater than 140 bpm for preschoolers and school-aged children (2 years to 10
years)
-greater than 190 bpm for infants and toddlers (3 months to 2 years)
-greater than 205 bpm for infants (up to 3 months)
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) - correct answer-Episodes of abnormally
fast/racing heartbeat
what is tidal volume? - correct answer-the amount of air that is moved into or out of
the lungs during a single breath, generally 500 mL in an adult.
what is residual volume? - correct answer-Gas that remains in the lungs after
exhalation simply to keep the lungs open.
what is minute volume? - correct answer-Amount of air moved into and out of lungs
per minute
what is ventilation? - correct answer-movement of air in and out of the lungs
what is respiration? - correct answer-The physiologic process of exchanging oxygen
and carbon dioxide.
What is a NRB and when do you use it? - correct answer-Nonrebreathing mask used
for patients who are breathing adequately but are suspected of having or showing
signs of hypoxia.
10-15L/min flow rate provides up to 95% inspired oxygen
What is a nasal cannula and when do you use it? - correct answer-Delivers oxygen
through two small, tubelike prongs that fit into the patient's nostrils. Used when a
patient will not tolerate a NRB. Patient may find this more comfortable.
1-6L/min flow rate provides 24%-55% inspired oxygen.
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