What is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid? a) K+ b) Ca++ c) Mg++ d)
Na+
When there is a low venous oxygen tension and a high venous oxyhemoglobin
saturation, oxygen delivery decreases because:
a) Increase in P50.
b) reduction in P50.
c) metabolic alkalosis.
d) metabolic acidosis ANSWER: c) metabolic alkalosis.
At a given PO2, rising PCO2 produces:
a) More oxygen bound to hemoglobin
b) less oxygen bound to hemoglobin.
c) does not influence the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin.
d) drop in P50 - ANSWER b) less oxygen bound to hemoglobin.
Which change will occur when a sample of blood is cooled from 37°C?
a) CO2 becomes more soluble; PaCO2 lowers.
b) CO2 becomes less soluble, and pH drops.
c) CO solubility does not change, although bicarbonate increases.
,d) CO2 solubility increases and base excess reduces. ANSWER: a) CO2 becomes
more soluble and PaCO2 drops.
In 85-95% of patients, the circumflex artery delivers the:
a) lateral aspect of the left ventricle.
b) the whole posterior surface of the left ventricle.
c) The posterior ventricular septum.
d) anterior medial papillary muscle - ANSWER a) the lateral side of the left
ventricle
Leukocytes are distinguished by the following characteristics:
a) Smaller than erythrocytes.
b) bigger than platelets.
c) has a consistent shape
d) 700-1200/ml of blood - ANSWER: b) greater than platelets
The primary function of an enzyme is to
a) accelerate the rate of a biological process
b) Start a biochemical ANSWER.
c) serve as a substrate in a biological reaction.
d) change the equilibrium of a biological reaction - ANSWER a) speed up the
biochemical reaction.
Which of the following is not a typical pathway for blood to return to the inside of
the heart?
, a) Coronary Sinus
B) Thebesian veins
C) Pulmonary veins
Answer: d) bronchial veins.
Calcium channel blocker medicines have the following effects:
a) Significant decrease in transmembrane calcium current.
b) Increased smooth muscle responsiveness.
c) to provide continuous depolarization of cardiac cells.
d) increase in cardiac muscle ANSWER - ANSWER a) significant decrease in
transmembrane calcium current.
Calan (verapamil) is recommended for which of the following?
a) HTN is resistant to high dosages of beta-adrenergic blockers
b) existence of sick sinus syndrome and/or heart block.
c) A-fib with fast ventricular ANSWER.
d) Cardiogenic shock caused by coronary artery spasm - ANSWER c) atrial
fibrillation with fast ventricular ANSWER.
Inocor (amrinone) can have the following cardiovascular effects:
a) elevated systemic vascular resistance.
b) lower pulmonary artery pressure.
b) Higher LVEDP
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