Fundamentals Quiz 1: Ch 24 Asepsis and Infection Control | Questions & Answers (100
%Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With
Expert Solutions
Infection - a disease state resulting from the presence of pathogens in or on the body. Infection occurs
as a result of a cyclic process
List the components of the infection cycle (6) - 1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. means of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
Name the 3 types of infectious agents, and which one is most significant and most commonly observed
infection-causing agent in health care institutions? - 1. bacteria--most sig/common
2. virus
3. fungus
What are the 3 ways bacteria can be categorized into? - 1. shape (spherical = cocci; rod shaped = bacilli;
corkscrew = spirochetes)
2. Gram + or -
3. Oxygen requirements (anaerobic or aerobic)
Name 3 most common infections caused by viruses? - 1. Influenza/common cold
2. Hepatitis B and C
3. AIDS
T or F: some antiviral medications are effective with some viral infections and when given in the
prodromal stage of certain viruses, these meds can shorten the full stage of the illness - T. Antibiotics
have no effect on viruses btw
,Where can fungi occur? - soil, water, air; plant=like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause
infection
name some examples of fungal infections? - athletes foot, ringworm, yeast infection
Define parasites; give an example - organisms that live on or in a host and rely on it for nourishment;
malaria occurs when parasite infects mosquito then it feeds on humans
What 4 factors does an organism's potential to produce disease in a person depend on? - 1. number of
organisms
2. Virulence of organism--ability to cause disease
3. Competence of person's immune system
4. Length and intimacy (extent) of contact between person and microorganism
Endemic - occurs with predictability in one specific region or population
Normal flora - microorganisms that commonly inhabit various body sites and are a part of the body's
natural defense system
Opportunistic organisms - organisms, typically bacteria or fungus, that normally cause no problem but
with certain factors, may potentially be harmful in susceptible people
Colonization - when a bacteria or organism resides in a person's body but there are NO clinical signs of
an infection; if person's defense mechanisms are ineffective in responding to the bacterial invasion
(colonization) then infection will result
Infection (relative to differentiating it from colonization) - present once the person exhibits specific
manifestations of the disease
Define Carriers - carriers are people who act as reservoirs for an infectious agent but do no exhibit any
manifestations of the disease; although asymptomatic, they CAN transmit the disease
, Define reservoir - the reservoir for growth and multiplication of microorganisms is the natural habitat of
the organism
Name two other common reservoirs besides people - 1. animals
2. fomites (inanimate objects)
Define Portal of Exit - the point of escape for the organism from the reservoir.
Name common portals of exits in humans (5) - 1. Respiratory
2. GI
3. Genitourinary tracts
4. breaks in skin
5. blood and tissue
Name the 3 types of means of transmission and any subcategories if applicable - 1. Contact (indirect and
direct)
2. Airborne
3. Droplet
Indirect contact transmission involves personal contact with either (2 things): - 1. a Vector--living
creature that transmits an infectious agent to a human, usually an insect
2. a fomite /inanimate object such as countertops or equipment
Describe airborne transmission and how the infectious agent may be transmitted? - this route of
transmission can occur when an infected host coughs, sneezes, or talks, or when organism becomes
attached to dust particles. Airborne particles are smaller than 5 mcm
Describe Droplet transmission route - droplet particles are greater than 5 mcm and can also be
transmitted through same airborne ways
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