Saturated Hydrocarbons - Contain the largest possible number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom
(alkanes).
Prefixes for alkanes - Methane (1 C)
Ethane (2 C's)
Propane (3 C's)
Butane (4 C's)
Pentane (5 C's)
Hexane (6 C's)
Heptane (7 C's)
Octane (8 C's)
Nonane (9 C's)
Decane (10 C's)
Naming Alkanes - 1) Find the longest chain of carbons and name the chain
2)Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain (substituent should have the smallest number.)
3)Name each substituent
4)Begin with the numbers of the carbon to which each substituent is bonded.
5) List substituents in alphabetical order.
Methyl- - CH3
Ethyl- - CH3CH2
, Propyl- - CH3CH2CH2
Butyl- - CH3CH2CH2CH2
Isopropyl- -
Tert-Butyl- -
Cycloalkane - Alkanes that form rings or cycles.
Reactions of Alkanes - Combustion
Cracking
Substitution
Substitution Reaction of an Alkane - Alkane + Halogen --hv(light)---> Halogenated Alkane
Alkane Substitution Mechanism - Initiation Step- make the first free radicals.
Propagation Step- free radicals react with stable molecules.
Termination Step- two free radicals react with each other.
Alkene - At least one double bond.
Naming Alkenes and Alkynes - 1) Fing the longest chain that contains the molecules identifying feature
(Double bond or Ring).
2) Classify to determine suffix (-ene and -yne)
3) Name each substituent
4) The number the chain (Identifying feature gets the lowest number.
5) Manage multiples by adding the prefix for multiple double and triple bonds goes before the -ene and
-yne.
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