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Biology 114 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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Biology 114 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass What term describes anything that possesses mass and occupies space? Matter How do you refer to a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances through chemical means? An element What do you call a substance made of a...

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  • August 7, 2024
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Biology 114 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What term describes anything that possesses mass and occupies space?


✔✔Matter




How do you refer to a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances through

chemical means?


✔✔An element




What do you call a substance made of at least two distinct elements combined in a specific ratio,

regardless of the type of bond?


✔✔A compound




What fraction of the 92 naturally occurring elements are crucial for human existence?


✔✔Between 20% and 25%




What are the effects of nitrogen deficiency in corn plants?


✔✔Corn plants become shorter.


1

,What condition is associated with a lack of iodine?


✔✔A goiter develops.




What is the smallest particle of matter that still retains the characteristics of an element?


✔✔An atom




By how much are electrons smaller compared to protons and neutrons?


✔✔Electrons are approximately 2000 times smaller.




What are isotopes called when they spontaneously decay, emitting particles and energy?


✔✔These are known as unstable radioactive isotopes.




What type of energy do electrons possess?


✔✔Electrons have potential energy.




How does the potential energy of an electron change with its distance from the nucleus?


✔✔The further an electron is from the nucleus, the higher its potential energy.

2

,What is the maximum number of electrons that the first electron shell can hold?


✔✔The first shell can accommodate up to 2 electrons.




How many electrons can the second electron shell contain at most?


✔✔The second shell can hold up to 8 electrons.




What is the maximum number of electrons for the third electron shell?


✔✔The third shell can also house up to 8 electrons.




When are electron shells most stable?


✔✔Electron shells achieve stability when they are fully occupied.




What are the electrons in the outermost shell called?


✔✔These are known as valence electrons, which determine an atom’s chemical properties.




What is the reactivity of elements with a complete valence shell?


✔✔Elements with a fully occupied valence shell are generally nonreactive.

3

, How do atoms establish chemical bonds?


✔✔Atoms with incomplete valence shells can either share or transfer electrons with other atoms

to achieve stability.




What characterizes nonpolar covalent bonds?


✔✔In nonpolar covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally between atoms, such as in H₂.




How are polar covalent bonds different?


✔✔In polar covalent bonds, electrons are not shared equally due to differences in

electronegativity, as seen in H₂O.




What defines ionic bonds?


✔✔Ionic bonds form through the transfer of electrons between atoms, leading to bonds like

NaCl, and are generally weaker compared to covalent bonds.




What are hydrogen bonds?


✔✔Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions formed between a hydrogen atom in one polar

molecule and an electronegative atom in another polar molecule.

4

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