(Uniaxial joints ) Hinge joints - permit back-and-forth movement, like that of a door hinge. Text examples
are the elbow, knee, and interphalangeal joints.
(Uniaxial joints ) Pivot joints - rotary movement, ring rotates around a pivot EX: 1st and 2nd Cervical
Vertebrae, Radioulnar
Biaxial Joint (Saddle) - Each joint surface is both convex/concave; allows movement in 2 directions; ie
Thumb
Active flexion/extension, AB/AD-duction, Involuntary rotation
Biaxial Joint (Condyloid) - Allows movement in two directions, ie wrist
Flexion/extension, AB/AD-duction
multiaxial joint - ball and socket (shoulder and hip), Gliding Joint (Vertebrae, Tarsals of ankle)
Tendons - Connect muscle to bone
Cartilage - Avascular, dense, connective tissue covers end of opposing bones withstands increased
pressure and tension
Ligaments - Connect bone to bone
, bursa - fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another, Cushion
between surfaces
Joints - Stiffness, redness, swelling and pain with motion, also can c/o pain with cold weather and rain
Muscles - weakness, fatigue, aching, wasting, associated factors with exercise or sudden movement
Paget's disease of bone - Disruption of old bone tissue being replaced with new bone
Dupuytren's contracture - Thickening and shrinking of the fascia of the palm with fingers being drawn
into a flexed position
What is a subluxation injury? - dislocation partially out of the socket
What is ankylosis? - Fusion of bones across a joint
Isometric - Contracts muscles at injured area without moving bones
5-Full ROM/full resistance - full ability to demonstrate full ROM of the joint when the PCP applies full
pull or force in opposite direction
4-Full ROM/some resistance - PCP applies only some force in pulling or forcing in opposite direction
3-Full ROM/with gravity - No resistance applied by PCP but pt is able to have full ROM against normal
gravity
2-Full ROM-gravity removed - PCP must help pt move limb
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