Exam (elaborations)
Kubernetes Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 25 pages for the course CKAD at CKAD (Kubernetes)
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KubernetesWhat are the 2 Kubernetes roles? - answer1. master
2. worker
What 4 Kubernetes components run on the master node? These are the control pane. -
answer1. etcd - distributed, synchronised data storage for the cluster.
2. kube-apiserver - the primary interface for the cluster
3. kube-controller-manager - operates the cluster controllers (e.gg. node controller,
replication controller, endpoints controller).
4. kube-scheduler - schedules pods to run on nodes
What 2 additional components that run on every node? - answer1. kubelet - agent that
executes containers on each node (runs as a service - sudo systemctl status kubelet)
2. kube-proxy - handles network communication between nodes by adding firewall
routing rules
What do we mean by scheduling? - answerKubernetes schedules pods to run on
servers in the cluster.
What 4 daemons run on a worker node? - answer1. Container technology e.g. Docker
2. Kubadm
3. Kubelet
4. Kubectl
How do you get a list of nodes in the cluster? - answerkubectl get nodes
How to get more detailed information about a specific node - answerkubectl get node
<<name>> -o yaml
How do you get summary information about a specific node - answerkubectl describe
node <<name>>
Name 3 container technologies - answer1. Docker
2. Rkt (rocket)
3. Containerd
How do find out the version of Docker that is installed? - answersudo docker version
How do you find which version of Kubernetes is installed? - answerkubeadm version or
kubectl version
,What 4 properties do all Kubernetes objects have? - answer1. API Version including
kind
2. Metadata (name, namespace, labels)
3. Spec = desired state
4. Status = actual state
What is a Kubernetes pod? - answerA group of one or more containers and a set of
resources shared by those containers (e.g. storage and networking).
What kinds of kubernetes objects are there? - answer1. Naked pods
2. Deployments
3. Services
4. Jobs
5. Quota
How do you create a name space imperatively? - answerkubectl create namespace
ckad
How do you run an nginx pod (naked) imperatively in a namespace called chad? -
answerkubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never -n chad
How do you create a pod using a yaml file? - answerkubectl create -f
<<filename.yaml>>
What 2 ways can you edit a running pod? - answer1. kubectl apply -f
<<filename.yaml>>
2. kubectl edit pod <<pod name>> -n <<namespace>>
How do you stop \ delete a pod? - answerkubetcl delete pod <<pod name>>
Cluster > Node > Pod > Container - answer
Does every pod and every node in the cluster have it's own IP address? - answerYes
By default, what other pods can one pod in a cluster communicate with? - answerAll
other pods in the cluster even if that pod is running on a different node.
How can you find out the IP address of your pods? - answerkubectl get pods -o wide
What is the process for deployment of a container? - answer1. kubectl
2. Master --> API Server
3. Master --> etcd
4. Master --> scheduler
5. Worker --> Kubelet
6. Worker --> Pod
, 7. Worker --> Container (docker)
What are the 5 lifecycle phases of a pod? - answer1. Pending
2. Running
3. Succeeded
4. Failed
5. Unknown
How can you see the pods that run the control pane pods? - answerkubectl get pods -n
kube-system
What do services allow? - answerDynamic access to a group of replica pods so that
external entities have a standard access \ endpoint to access the pods.
It is an abstraction layer on top of a set of replica pods so that external entities interact
with the service while pods may come and go.
What are 3 use cases for running multiple containers in a pod? - answer1. Sidecar
container - enhances functionality of main container e.g. syncing files from git repository
to file system.
2. Ambassador - proxy (representing primary container to outside world). Capturing and
translating input e.g. network traffic.
3. Adapter -Changing output of container e.g. logging \ monitoring
What 3 ways can containers in the same pod communicate with each other? - answer1.
Network
2. Shared storage
3. shareProcessNamespace (add attribute to pod namespace).
How do you switch to a namespace? - answerkubectl ... -n namespace
How do you list all namespaces? - answerkubectl get all - -all-namespaces (dash dash?
How do you create a yaml file file from kubectl run? - answer1. kubectl run nginx --
image=nginx --restart=Never --port=80 --dry-run -o yaml > nginx-pod.yaml
2. kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml
How can you examine the properties of a pod? - answerkubectl describe pods nginx -n
ckad
kubectl describe pods nginx -n ckad -o yaml
How would you grep the status of a pod? - answerkubectl describe pods nginx -n ckad |
grep Status:
kubectl describe pods nginx -n ckad -o yaml | grep phase
How would you control runtime behaviour into a pod without baking it into image? -
answerEnvironment variables
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