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CCD Exam(questions with correct answers)
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CCD Exam(questions with correct answers)
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CCD ExamAge for women at which BMD testing is indicated without caveat - correct answer ✔✔75
Four risk factors that are indicators for BMD testing in post-menopausal women who are younger than
65, in women who are currently in the transition to menopause, and in med who are younger than 70: -
correct answer ✔✔1) low body weight
2) prior fracture
3) high risk medication use
4) disease/condition associated with bone loss
Age at which BMD testing is indicated for men: - correct answer ✔✔70 and older.
What type of fracture is an indication for BMD testing in any adult? A fragility fracture
Two generic indications for BMD testing: - correct answer ✔✔1) Anyone being considered for
pharmacologic therapy.
2)Anyone not receiving therapy in whom evidence of bone loss would lead to treatment.
One obvious indication for BMD testing: - correct answer ✔✔Anyone being treated, to monitor
treatment effect.
A uniform Caucasian female normative database should be used as the reference for which cohorts? -
correct answer ✔✔1) Women of ALL ethnic groups
2) Men of ALL ethnic groups
What reference standard should manufacturers use for femoral neck and total hip T-scores? - correct
answer ✔✔NHANES III data
,What reference standard should manufacturers use for the lumbar spine T-scores? - correct answer
✔✔The manufacturer's own database
Should local reference data be used to calculate T-scores? - correct answer ✔✔No.
Can local reference data be used to calculate Z-scores? - correct answer ✔✔Yes, if local reference data is
available.
What is the WHO international reference standard for diagnosing osteoporosis? - correct answer ✔✔A T-
score of -2.5 or less at the femoral neck, which is calculated using the uniform female, white, age 20-29
years, NHANES III database.
A T-score of -2.5 or less at any of which three sites earns the diagnosis of osteoporosis in
postmenopausal women and men aged 50 and older? - correct answer ✔✔1) Lumbar spine
2) Total hip
3) Femoral neck
(In certain circumstances, the 33% radius may be utilized.)
Can osteoporosis be diagnosed using the greater trochanter or Ward's area? - correct answer ✔✔No
Skeletal sites to measure BMD in all patients: - correct answer ✔✔1) PA spine
2)hip
Forearm BMD should be measured under which circumstances? - correct answer ✔✔1)Hip and/or spine
cannot be measured or interpreted.
2)Hyperparathyroidism
, 3)Very obese patients who are over the weight limit for DXA table
Which vertebrae are used to measure spine BMD? - correct answer ✔✔PA L1-L4
Which vertebrae should be excluded from evaluation? - correct answer ✔✔Those that are affected by
local structural change or artifact.
Those that are clearly abnormal and non-assessable within the resolution of the system
How many vertebrae must be used for diagnostic classification? - correct answer ✔✔At least two, but
ideally all four will be used.
What if only one evaluable vertebrae remains and has low BMD, how should diagnosis be made? -
correct answer ✔✔Diagnosis must be based on a different VALID skeletal site.
If there is more than a ______ T-score difference between the vertebrae in question and adjacent
vertebrae, exclude the vertebrae in question from analysis. - correct answer ✔✔1.0
When vertebrae are excluded, what is used to derive the T-score? - correct answer ✔✔the BMD of the
remaining vertebrae
The lateral spine only has a role in __________________ and should not be used for
____________________. - correct answer ✔✔monitoring
diagnosis
BMD must be measured in which hip? - correct answer ✔✔Either hip will suffice
Can mean T-scores for bilateral hip BMD be used for diagnosis? - correct answer ✔✔Insufficient data
exists.
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