Exam (elaborations)
NR 224 Fundamentals Chamberlain 2024
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NR 224 Fundamentals Chamberlain 2024
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NR 224 Fundamentals Chamberlain2024
what are the stages of infection? - ANSWER 1) incubation;
2) prodromal;
3) illness;
4) convalescence
incubation period - ANSWER the period between exposure to an infection and the
appearance of the first symptoms. Symptoms are vague. the very first thing you
notice when getting sick. ex: you WOKEUP with a cough.
prodromal stage - ANSWER person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific
signs of disease. ex: waiting a couple of days hoping your cough will go away but
now developed a fever
illness stage - ANSWER the interval when symptoms specific to the infection
occur. presence of disease. localized. ex: testing positive for covid. OR think of
hitting your leg on something and that area becomes red and swollen, you know
exactly where you hit your leg because the symptoms are in that specific spot.
Convalescence stage - ANSWER recovery stage ex: you were in the hospital for a
few days but then went home to recover.
latrogenic infection - ANSWER direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
-if a nurse or provider didnt wash their hands from a previous patient and then got
you sick
exogenous infection - ANSWER Come from microorganisms found outside the
individual, organ or part
-gonnhorrea, meningitis, syphilis
endogenous infection - ANSWER -infections produced within a cell or organism
-Occurs when part of the patient's normal flora becomes altered and an overgrowth
results
-BV (bacterial vaginosis)
localized infection - ANSWER -Infection is confined to a specific area of the body.
-Clinical manifestations:Pain, swelling, redness, tenderness,
edema,erythema,warmth
ex: ear infection
, systemic infection - ANSWER -Infection has spread; entire body is affected
-Clinical manifestationsFever, chills, N/V/D, MalaiseSymptoms may not always be
present right away
ex: chicken pox
asepsis - ANSWER Absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms.
aseptic technique - ANSWER Practices/ procedures that assist in reducing the risk
for infection
Medical asepsis - ANSWER -clean technique
-practice used to remove or destroy germs and to prevent their spread from one
person or place to another person or place.
-performing hand hygiene, wearing ppe, sterilizing
what is the difference between disinfection and sterilization? - ANSWER
disinfection: eliminates manyor all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial
spores, from inanimateobjects
-Disinfection of surfacesHigh-level disinfection
sterilization: complete elimination ordestruction of all microorganisms, including
spores.
*sterilization think procedure room and sterile field. disinfection think cleaning wipes
and cleaning your house
medical asepsis - ANSWER - REDUCES # of pathogens
-referred to as "clean technique"
-used in administration of: meds, tube feedings, daily hygiene
*handwashing is #1 here*
sugrical asepsis - ANSWER -ELIMINATES ALL pathogens
-referred to as "Sterile technique"
-used in: dressing changes, surgical procedures, catheterizations
hand hygiene - ANSWER handwashing: regular soap and water
antiseptic handwashing: antiseptic soap and water
antiseptic hand rub: hand sanitizer
surgical hand antisepsis: scrubbing hands and forearms withantimicrobial soap or an
alcohol-based hand-scrub product (you see this one in greys anatomy)
is a 1 inch borader sterile or non-sterile? - ANSWER non-sterile
is a 2 inch boarder sterile or non-sterile? - ANSWER sterile
*nothing can be close to the edge. make sure its more towards the middle, at least
more than 1 inch away from the edges
What are standard precautions? - ANSWER They are used during every patient
interaction. Includes: hand hygiene, use of PPE, covering your mouth while
coughing, respiratory hygiene, safe injection practices, and disinfection of soiled
surfaces and equipment.
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