CISC exam 2 questions & answers 2024/2025
data link packet - ANSWERSframe
data link layer - ANSWERShas the responsibility of transferring datagrams from one node to adjacent nodes over a link
*each link has a different protocol that provides different services
LAN - ANSWERShigh speed da...
data link layer - ANSWERShas the responsibility of transferring datagrams from one node to adjacent
nodes over a link
*each link has a different protocol that provides different services
LAN - ANSWERShigh speed data network that covers a relatively small geographic area. offer computer
users many advantages, including shared access to devices and applications, file exchange between
connected users, and communication between users via email and other apps
MAC - ANSWERSmedia access control
LLC - ANSWERSlogic link control
NIC - ANSWERSNetwork interface card
aka "adaptor"
where the data link layer is implemented
sending side of NIC - ANSWERSencapsulates datagram in a frame
adds error checking bits, flow control, etc.
receiving side of NIC - ANSWERSlooks for errors, flow control, etc.
extracts datagram, passes to receiving node
repeater (LAN) - ANSWERSused to interconnect the media segments of an extended network, allows
signal to travel a longer distance on the media
,- receive signals from one network segment and amplify, retime, and retransmit those signals
*classified as layer 1 (physical layer) device
hub (LAN) - ANSWERS- also known as a multi port repeater
- creates central connection point for wiring media, connects multiple user stations.
- hubs are used to create a physical star network while maintaining the logical busier ring configuration
of the LAN
*classified as a layer 1 (physical layer) device
Bridge - ANSWERSconnects two LAN segments to make on larger continuous LAN
*considered layer 2 (data link layer) device
switch - ANSWERSsometimes called a multipart bridge
forwards data only to the appropriate port for the intended recipient
increases the average available bandwidth per user
*considered layer 2 (data link layer) device
MAC address - ANSWERSused to get frame from one interface to another physically connected interface
(same network)
- manufacturer buys portion of MAC address space (to assure uniqueness)
- flat address: portable, can move from one LAN to another
ARP - ANSWERSAddress Resolution Protocol
ARP table - ANSWERSeach IP node (host, router) on LAN has ARP table, IP/MAC address mappings for
some LAN nodes
<IP address; MAC address; TTL>
TTL - ANSWERStime to live, time after which address mapping will be forgotten (typically 20 min)
, ARP protocol: same LAN - ANSWERS1. A wants to send datagram to B, but B's MAC address is not in A's
ARP table
2. A broadcasts ARP query frame, containing B's IP address w/destination address: FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF, all
machines on LAN receive ARP query
3. B receives ARP frame, replies to A with its (B's) MAC address, frame sent to A's MAC address (unicast)
4. A caches (saves) IP-to-MAC address pair in its ARP table until information becomes old (times out),
soft state: information that times out (goes away) unless refreshed
5. ARP is "plug and play": nodes create their ARP tables without intervention from net administrator
LAN protocols: IEEE 802 standards - ANSWERSinternet layer - TCP/IP internet layer standards
data link layer - LLC layer - 802.2
- MAC layer - Ethernet 802.3 MAC layer standards
Physical layer - 10 Base T - 100 Base TX - 1000 Base TX
Ethernet - IEEE 802.3 - ANSWERS"dominant" wired LAN technology
- cheap - $20 for 100 Mbps
- first widely used LAN technology
- kept up with speed race: 10 Mbps - 10 Gbps
connection choices: hub or switch
UTP - ANSWERSunshielded twisted pair
LAN media access methods - ANSWERSdetermines how nodes share channel, determines when nodes
can transmit
*two main ways: CSMA/CD (used in ethernet MAC layer) and token passing
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