ACS BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM 2024 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT
ANSWERS) / ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the D configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projection? - ANSWER chyrol
carbon furthest from the carboxyl group
hydroxyl on right
What is the L configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projection? - ANSWER hydroxyl
on left
What is the difference between glycogen and amylopectin? - ANSWER glycogen-
has branches about every 10 residues (more highly branched)
amylopectin- has branches about every 25
What is amylose made up of? - ANSWER glucose
What makes up starch? - ANSWER amylose
amlyopectin
What is a glycosidic bond? - ANSWER links two monosaccharides together at
points 1 and 4
What is the difference between an alpha(1-4) and beta(1-4) linkage? - ANSWER
alpha: when the oxygen is pointed down in a glycosidic bond
beta: when the oxygen is pointed up in a glycosidic bond
What is the definition of a carbohydrate? - ANSWER all have hydroxyl and
carbonyl functional groups
Difference between aldose and ketose - ANSWER aldose has an aldohyde
ketose has a ketone
What makes up sucrose? - ANSWER fructose and glucose monosaccharides
,What makes up lactose? - ANSWER glucose and galactose monosaccharides
What makes up mannose? - ANSWER two glucose monosaccharides
What are lipids? - ANSWER soluble in other nonpolar solvents (not water)
What are triglycerides composed of? - ANSWER glycerol and three fatty acids
What is saponification? - ANSWER base hydrolysis of a triglyceride or other fat
strong base is added
breaks ester linkages to release hydroxyls and form glycerol
What has a higher level of unsaturation -- oils or fats? - ANSWER oils
liquid at room temperature
What is the structure of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER hydrophylic head
hydrophobic fatty acid tails
proteins span the phospholipid bilayer
Why type of amino acid is present in the plasma membrane among the fatty acid
tails? - ANSWER hydrophobic/nonpolar
What is passive transport (simple diffusion)? - ANSWER no energy required
no protein required
move from high concentration to low concentration
water, gases, ethanol (small nonpolar) can pass through
What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER requires protein
no energy required
molecules are two large to go through on their own
What is active transport? - ANSWER energy is required
moves from low to high concentration
How many carbon atoms do most fatty acids have? - ANSWER even number
What bond holds nucleotides together? - ANSWER phosphodiester bond
What base pairing exists in nucleic acids? How many hydrogen bonds between
them? - ANSWER G--C (3 hydrogen bonds)
A--T (2 hydrogen bonds)
What is the first amino acid always placed in a protein? - ANSWER methionine
(Met)
, start codon
What 3 things make up a nucleotide? - ANSWER nitrogen base
phosphate group
pento-sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
What are the 3 main differences between DNA and RNA? - ANSWER RNA single
strand
DNA is double stranded
RNA has uracil
DNA has thiamine
RNA has ribose
DNA has deoxyribose
What part of the structure makes DNA such a stable molecule? - ANSWER very
polar sugar phosphate backbound
the bases are stacked in the interior that are nonpolar
hydrogen bonds holding the two strands togethr
What does a ligase enzyme do? - ANSWER catalyze a reaction in which a bond is
broken
What does an isomerase enzyme do? - ANSWER catalyze intramolecular
rearrangements
What does a lyase enzyme do? - ANSWER catalyze removal of groups to form
double bonds
What does a hydrolase enzyme do? - ANSWER cleave bonds by adding water
What does a transferase enzyme do? - ANSWER transfer a group from one
molecule to another
What does an oxidoreductase enzyme do? - ANSWER catalyze redox reactions
Where are proteins synthesized within the cell? - ANSWER ribosome
Describe the 4 levels of protein structure? - ANSWER primary: sequence of amino
acids
secondary: hydrogen bonding between alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets
tertiary: 3D folding
quaternary: 2 polypeptides coming together
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