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Exam (elaborations)

NURS 6901 ENDOCRINE EXAM LATEST UPDATED

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NURS 6901 ENDOCRINE EXAM LATEST UPDATED...

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  • August 8, 2024
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NURS 6901 ENDOCRINE EXAM
LATEST UPDATED


What is the adenohypophysis? - ANSWER This is the anterior pituitary

What does the adenohypophysis secrete? - ANSWER 1. GH

2. TSH

3. ACTH

4. FSH

5. LH

6. Prolactin

What is the neurohypophysis? - ANSWER posterior pituitary gland

What does the neurohypophysis do? - ANSWER It receives hormones from the
hypothalamus, stores them, and releases them

What hormones does the neurohypophysis store? - ANSWER ADH

Oxytocin

What are the portions of the adrenal cortex? - ANSWER Think GFR

1. Zona Glomerulosa (outermost layer)

2. Zona fascuculata (middle layer)

3. Zona reticularis (innermost layer)

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

,What controls it? - ANSWER It secretes mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and is
controlled by the RAS system

What does the zona fascuculata secrete?

What controls it? - ANSWER It secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol) and is stimulated
in response to ACTH release from the adenohypophysis

Adrenal Medulla

What does it secrete?

What stimulates it? - ANSWER This is in the most central portion of the adrenal
glands and secretes Epi (80%) and Norepi (20%)

The SNS pre-ganglionic nerve synapses directly on here and when stimulated, will
cause the chromaffin cells to release epi/norepi

Where is the thyroid gland located? - ANSWER This is located on the anterior
trachea, between the cricoid cartilage and suprasternal notch

What hormones does the thyroid release? - ANSWER In response to TRH, it will
release:

T3 (7%)

T4 (93%)

Triiodothyronine (T3) - ANSWER This is the primary thyroid hormone that
stimulates target tissues and is more potent

Thyroxine (T4) - ANSWER This is less potent than T3, and when it reaches the
target tissue, it will be de-iodinated into T3

What are the functions of thyroid hormone? - ANSWER 1. Activates gene
transcription and initiates protein formation

2. Increases protein synthesis and catabolism

3. Tissue growth

Where is the parathyroid gland located? - ANSWER posterior surface of the
thyroid gland

, What hormone does the parathyroid gland release? - ANSWER Parathyroid
Hormone (PTH)

This plays a role in the homeostasis of Ca levels in the body

It is secreted in response to low Ca levels or high phosphate

What are the physiologic functions of the parathyroid? - ANSWER 1. Hemostasis

2. Hormone release

3. Muscle contraction

4. Bone formation

5. Cell division

How does PTH affect the bones? - ANSWER · Low Ca levels increase PTH, which
will activate osteoclasts (break down bone and release Ca)

· High Ca: PTH will be decreased, and through the negative feedback loop cause
calcium and phosphate to be deposited in bone

How does PTH affect the intestines? - ANSWER When Ca is low, PTH will
stimulate intestinal uptake of calcium by active vitamin D

How does PTH affect the kidney? - ANSWER · Increases Ca reabsorption and
phosphate excretion

What is the inactive form of Vit D? - ANSWER cholecalciferol

Hydroxylated in the liver and kidney to active form

What is the active form of Vit D? - ANSWER 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol
(Calcitrol)



What are the islets of Langerhans? - ANSWER These are the endocrine portion of
the pancreas that produce hormones that are secreted directly into the capillaries

What do alpha cells release? - ANSWER glucagon

What does glucagon do? - ANSWER o Hormone of energy release

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