abstract - ANSWER a short, comprehensive synopsis or summary of a study at the
beginning of an article
clinical guidelines - ANSWER systematically developed practice statements
designed to assist clinicians about health care decisions for specific conditions or
situations
critical appraisal - ANSWER Appraisal by a nurse who is a knowledgeable
consumer of research, and who can appraise research evidence and use existing
standards to determine the merit and readiness of research for use in clinical
practice.
Critical Reading - ANSWER An active interpretation and objective assessment of
an article during which the reader is looking for key concepts, ideas, and
justifications.
critique - ANSWER the process of critical appraisal that objectively and critically
evaluates a research report's content for scientific merit and application to practice
evidence-based practice - ANSWER The conscious and judicious use of the current
"best" evidence in the care of patients and delivery of health care services.
Evidence-based practice guidelines - ANSWER practice guidelines developed
based on research findings
integrative review - ANSWER Synthesis review of the literature on a specific
concept or topic.
levels of evidence - ANSWER A rating system for judging the strength of a study's
design.
meta-analysis - ANSWER A research method in which the results of multiple
studies addressing the same question are synthesized to produce overall
conclusions.
Meta-synthesis - ANSWER integrates qualitative research findings on a topic and
, is based on comparative analysis and interpretative synthesis
Quality Improvement - ANSWER The systematic use of data to monitor the
outcomes of care processes as well as the use of improvement methods to design
and test changes in practice to continuously improve the quality and safety of
health care systems.
Qualitative Research - ANSWER The study of research questions about human
experiences. It is often conducted in natural settings and uses data that are words or
text, rather than numerical, to describe the experiences that are being studied.
Quantitative Research - ANSWER The process of testing relationships, differences,
and cause and effect interactions among and between variables. These processes
are tested with either hypotheses and/or research questions.
research - ANSWER the systematic, logical, and empirical inquiry into the possible
relationships among particular phenomena to produce verifiable knowledge.
systematic review - ANSWER Process where investigators find all relevant studies,
published and unpublished, on the topic or question, at least two members of the
review team independently assess the quality of each study, include or exclude
studies based on preestablished criteria, statistically combine the results of
individual studies, and present a balanced and impartial evidence summary of the
findings that represents a "state of the science" conclusion about the evidence
supporting benefits and risks of a given health care practice.
clinical question - ANSWER systematically developed practice statements
designed to assist clinicians about health care decisions for specific conditions or
situations
dependent variable - ANSWER in experimental studies, the presumed effect of the
independent or experimental variable on the outcome
directional hypothesis - ANSWER a hypothesis that specifies the expected
direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
independent variable - ANSWER the antecedent or the variable that has the
presumed effect on the dependent variable
nondirectional hypothesis - ANSWER indicates the existence of a relationship
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